Medicinal value and cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as divine grass, ten thousand years grass, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and so on. There are more than 40 kinds in China, and the more common and famous ones are Ganoderma lucidum, pine Ganoderma lucidum, black Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and so on. Ganoderma lucidum has been used medicinally in China for more than two thousand years. In addition to potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and other minerals and proteins, it also contains precious ingredients such as organic germanium, high molecular polysaccharides and triterpenes, which can treat neurasthenia, dizziness, insomnia and palpitation. It has varying degrees of curative effect on chronic hepatitis, pyelonephritis, bronchial asthma, stomach disease, duodenal ulcer, hypertension, coronary heart disease, leukopenia, high serum cholesterol and cancer. And there are no side effects. For thousands of years, Ganoderma lucidum has been regarded by the Chinese people as a "fairy grass" that can cure all diseases and a panacea for "immortality" and "reviving the dead". For this reason, many wonderful and moving stories have been spread. Although Ganoderma lucidum is not an immortal medicine, it does treat a variety of diseases. It is a medicinal health food that nourishes and strengthens the body and suppresses abnormalities in the body. One of the most precious components of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is organic germanium, which is 3-6 times higher than ginseng. Germanium can smooth blood circulation, enhance the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen, promote metabolism, delay aging, and can be combined with pollutants and heavy metals in the body to become germanium organic matter excreted out of the body. Ganoderma lucidum also contains high molecular polysaccharides that can enhance people's immunity and play a good role in cancer prevention and treatment. Due to the unique efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum fever has sprung up in Hong Kong and Taiwan in recent years, and a variety of drugs, beverages, food and beauty cosmetics based on Ganoderma lucidum have been developed. China is very rich in Ganoderma lucidum resources, so it is necessary to vigorously develop domestic and foreign Ganoderma lucidum market. First, the cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum uses the natural temperature to plant Ganoderma lucidum in indoor bags. It usually starts to produce seeds in late April and ends in early October. Mainly bottle planting, plastic bag planting, section wood cultivation is more common. (1) bottle cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum: the choice of ① bottle: generally choose 750ml mushroom bottle as the best, you can also use other similar wide-mouth bottles. The preparation of ② cultivation materials: A. miscellaneous sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1% (the ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1: 1.1. B. corncob 30%, sawdust 50%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum powder 1% (the ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1.1: 1.2. C. Wheat straw powder 25%, rice straw powder 25%, miscellaneous wood chips 30%, wheat bran 18%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1% (the ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1.2 to 1.3). ③ loading and sterilization: when loading, put the prepared culture medium into the washed mushroom bottle and keep pounding. Pack the material to 4 parts of the bottle, flatten the upper part of the material surface, and then poke a hole in the center of the culture medium with the tip of the stick to facilitate thorough sterilization and mycelial growth. When loading, the tightness should be moderate and the depth should be appropriate. After loading, clean the outer wall of the bottle and plug it with cotton plugs for sterilization. Keep the sterilization at constant temperature for 12 hours with 100 ℃ steam, then move into the room and connect the bacteria under aseptic conditions. ④ culture and management: the requirements of temperature, humidity and light in mycelium and fruiting body culture of bottle Ganoderma lucidum are basically the same as those of bag Ganoderma lucidum. The mycelium culture medium should be placed upright, upright and mushroom. When the mycelium is full and the buds appear, the cotton plug should be removed in time to let the fruiting body primordium grow to the mouth of the bottle. (2) bag planting of Ganoderma lucidum: choose a low-pressure polyethylene cylinder material of 15 cm × (38 cm) cm and 0.04 mm thickness, or a polypropylene plastic bag with a width of 15 cm and a length of 35 cm. First fasten the cylinder material with a plastic rope at one end, and then load it solid. When the culture material is 6cm away from the mouth of the bag, squeeze out the air in the mouth of the bag and tie it tightly. Generally speaking, each bag contains about 0.4 kilograms of material. After loading, ordinary soil stoves can be used for atmospheric pressure sterilization. Sterilization must be thorough. 100 ℃ lasts for 10 to 12 hours, then cool to about 40 ℃ and move out of the pot and into the inoculation room. Generally, each bottle of bacteria is transferred to about 20 bags. Cultured under the condition of 22 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ for about 30 days. Three holes about 1.5 cm in diameter are opened on the wall of each bag, and then transferred to the outdoor sterilization site, and the orifice is placed horizontally to form a border. The width of the border is less than 1 meter, and the surface of the border is evenly covered with a 1 cm thick soil layer to help maintain moisture. (3) cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum: the so-called cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is to cut the trunk or branches into segments as a culture medium. At present, it is worth carrying out the cultivation of short wood clinker, which can collect 5-10 kg of Ganoderma lucidum fruit body per cubic meter of wood, and up to 15 kg high. The yield is related to the types of wood, cultivation techniques and so on. The period of producing Ganoderma lucidum is generally 2 ~ 3 years, and the economic benefit is very obvious. The method of cultivating Ganoderma lucidum with short wood clinker is briefly introduced as follows: ① technological process: tree selection → felling → section → bagging → sterilization → inoculation → culture → unbagged → buried → management → Ganoderma lucidum → harvest → dry → graded → sub-packed → products. Selection, cutting and bagging of ② trees: the selected trees should be mainly shell and hopper trees, including maple and heather. It is suitable for the section of wood with a breast diameter of 8cm and a water content of 32% and 42%. About 850 short sections of wood with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 15 cm can be cut down per cubic meter, and tightly packed in plastic bags after cutting. ③ sterilization, inoculation and mycelium culture: sterilized at 100 ℃ under atmospheric pressure for 10 to 12 hours. The seedlings were inoculated in 50-80 bottles per cubic meter and cultured in the room at the temperature of 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ for 2 months. ④ unbagging and burying soil: during the culture period, the hyphae can be removed after the mycelium has grown. Before burying the soil, the well-drained, ventilated and open highland should be selected as the place for wood cultivation, and ditches should be made to cover the shade. ⑤ culture and management: the temperature of mycelium growth stage should be controlled at 22 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, but the air relative humidity, ventilation and light were not strict. In the stage of fruiting body formation and differentiation, the temperature is required to be about 26 ℃, the relative humidity should be maintained at 85%-95%, the light is mainly scattered light, the strong light is avoided, and good ventilation is required. (4) cover soil of Ganoderma lucidum in bottle: when the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum grows up to 1 / 2 or 2 / 3 of bottle height, remove the cover from the mouth of the bottle. Then cover the mycelium on the surface of the bottle mouth with a layer of sand 1cm to 2cm high. The practice shows that the growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium covered with soil is doubled, the fruiting body can grow 20 days ahead of time, there is no or little contamination of miscellaneous bacteria at the mouth of the bottle, and the shape of the fruiting body is normal and beautiful. (5) bag planting Ganoderma lucidum covered with soil: after inoculation, the mycelium can grow into the whole bag and be cultured in the culture room for one month. Then remove the bag and put it in the dug border. The border is 1 to 1.5 meters wide, unlimited in length and trenched around. The ditch is 30 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters deep, and the soil is covered with bacteria sticks. The spacing of each stick is 7 cm. Fill the soil, then cover the stick with 0.5 cm thick soil and build a shed to shade. Keep the soil moist during the growth period, so that the water content reaches 90%. Second, the mature standard of Ganoderma lucidum harvest: when the fruiting body changes from light yellow to yellowish brown, a circle of bright yellow at the edge of the cap disappears, the white growth point around the cap disappears, the cap begins to leathery, and the spores are released. The fungus stalk can be cut with a sharp knife during harvest, leaving the handle about 0.5cm long. If the incision is flat, the fruiting body will continue to grow on the original stalk. If we persist in spraying water and continuing to cultivate within 1-2 days after harvest, the second tide fruiting body can grow on the original stalk. The second batch of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in a month. After harvest, cut off the fungal stalk at the base of the stalk, dry it in a plastic bag with good moisture resistance and store it in a dry warehouse. Pay attention to check the mildew and moth at any time, and remove it in time if found.