Cultivation method of substitute material for Gastrodia elata at low altitude

Gastrodia elata is a kind of rare and precious traditional Chinese medicine, which used to rely on the wild and grow in the mountains above 500 meters above sea level. it is very rare and difficult to dig, and now it is facing extinction. The development of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has saved this precious species, but technically it can not get rid of the cultivation at high altitude, and the raw materials can not be separated from the tree (oak), which makes the cultivation of Gastrodia elata has great regional limitations. Second, limited by the felling of forest resources, these two disadvantages have been perplexing the development of Gastrodia elata, which has always been unable to form the modernization and standardized cultivation of Gastrodia elata. In view of the shortcomings of the existing techniques mentioned above, we have explored a new cultivation method of Gastrodia elata which is not limited by regional altitude and raw materials through long-term research and experiment. Armillaria mellea can be cultivated with straw and corncob in areas below 300 meters above sea level to cultivate high yield and high quality Gastrodia elata. Through the improvement of improved variety selection, cultivation environment, cultivation raw materials, medium formula and cultivation methods, the low altitude substitute cultivation of Gastrodia elata was realized. The specific contents are introduced as follows: first, raw material selection and treatment: Armillaria mellea should be cultivated first. In the past, Armillaria mellea was mainly used to cultivate Armillaria mellea. With the protection of ecological balance, felling of forests is prohibited by the state. The raw materials of Armillaria mellea cultivation were affected. In order to find a way out, we experimented with straw. After many explorations and practice, it was proved that whole corncob was the ideal material for Armillaria mellea cultivation. There are some special requirements for using substitute materials to cultivate Armillaria mellea. Both dry and fresh corncobs can be used, but whole kernels without mildew and decay are required. If fresh corncobs cannot be used in time, they must be exposed to the sun and fully dried before they can be preserved. Otherwise, there is humidity in the storage process will be moldy. In particular, green mold and yellow mold are easy to occur, which will affect the growth of Armillaria mellea in the future. if individual molds are found, they must be selected, or sprayed with raw lime water, or soaked to eliminate mold. However, it must be rinsed with clean water when in use, so as not to affect the growth of Armillaria mellea. 2. Selection of Gastrodia elata species: the quality of Gastrodia elata species is closely related to its yield. There are two sources of Gastrodia elata species: one is sexual reproduction. That is, after the completion of the physiology of Gastrodia elata, the pollen seeds of bolting, flowering, seed setting or pollination through artificial hybridization can dig up the first generation of peanut size after 3-5 months of cultivation of germinating bacteria and Armillaria mellea, which is called "zero generation species" or sexual reproduction hybrids. This variety is conducive to the high and stable yield of Gastrodia elata, especially after distant hybridization from wild Polygonum multiflorum and Gastrodia elata. The selected variety "TC828" has become the first choice for high yield of cultivated Gastrodia elata. The other is asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, which occurs every time Gastrodia elata is picked. This kind of small Gastrodia elata is cultivated again, and a year later it becomes a commercial Gastrodia elata, the continuous cyclic cultivation of Gastrodia elata, which is called asexual reproduction variety. however, after 3-4 years of asexual reproduction, it is easy to degenerate, and the speed of degradation is related to environmental conditions and techniques, in order to achieve high quality and high yield. It is best to choose sexual hybrid Gastrodia elata. Third, the choice of cultivation site: in the past, Gastrodia elata grew generally in the mountain forest at an altitude of 500 to 1500 meters, and it was more suitable in the area of 800 to 1200 meters above sea level. Later, artificial cultivation has been selected in these high-altitude mountain forests, the main reason is that Gastrodia elata belongs to medium and low temperature varieties. Afraid of high temperature. In order to solve this problem, in addition to domesticating varieties adapted to higher temperature in the breeding of Gastrodia elata, the key is to take corresponding measures in the selection of cultivation sites and artificial cooling in order to fully realize the cultivation of Gastrodia elata in low altitude areas. Low altitude refers to the plain area below 300 meters, can be cultivated in cool indoor, outdoor forest, artificial shade shed and other environment, should choose not only to avoid sun exposure, but also to prevent flood erosion, it is better to be dark, wet and dry drainage slope, the environment has a large area of natural shade forest or artificial shade forest is the best, the soil quality requirement is relatively loose and breathable, not easy to consolidate the soil is appropriate. Sand or humus can also be used, the soil water content is between 50% and 60%, the soil moisture is suitable for hand-pinched soil and scattered as soon as it is thrown away, and clay or consolidated soil is generally not suitable. Fourth, the cultivation of Armillaria mellea: there are many kinds of Armillaria mellea, not all of them are suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, and not all of them are good varieties of Armillaria mellea. Armillaria mellea can grow together with Gastrodia elata with complementary nutrition. In this paper, a good Armillaria mellea variety "XB-9" was selected from several Armillaria mellea varieties, which is the most suitable to Gastrodia elata variety "TC828" and is the basis of high yield cultivation at low altitude. The cultivation of Armillaria mellea with corncob has the advantages of abundant raw materials, low cost, fast growth and good effect. The deficiency is that it can only be used for one year and needs to be replaced every year, unlike Armillaria mellea, which can be used for 2-3 years. The method of cultivating Armillaria mellea is as follows: first soak the corncob in water for 12 hours (must be soaked), remove and drain the remaining water, spread a layer of corncob on the ground, about 10cm thick, sprinkle the original species of Armillaria mellea per square meter with 750g / bottle, then spread the second layer of corncob, sprinkle with Armillaria mellea, and then carry on the third or fourth layer in the same way, then cover the soil with 10~15cm to let it develop bacteria. Another method is to spread each layer of corncob, sprinkle with Armillaria mellea, fill the gap between the corncob with fine soil, then spread the second layer of corncob, and then fill the gap between the corncob with fine soil, generally no more than four layers. After 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃ culture, the fungal cord of Armillaria mellea from 2 to 3 months was full of corncob, which could be used for Gastrodia elata cultivation. If the material of Armillaria mellea is not enough, the expanded cultivation of Armillaria mellea can be carried out. In this method, the corncob cultivated by Armillaria mellea is added to the uncultivated corncob, the proportion is 50% each, and the operation method is the same as above, and finally cover the soil development bacteria. This method is simple and easy, and does not need the original seed. This method can be recycled for a long time as long as it is not affected by the high temperature of environmental conditions and diseases and insect pests. Fifth, cultivation methods of Gastrodia elata: low-altitude cultivation of Gastrodia elata can choose indoor or outdoor, the cultivation methods are basically the same, first put a layer of loose soil with 10cm thickness and 1 meter wide on the ground, put corncob fungus material on the soil, lay it on the soil, require that each layer of corncob be separated by 10~12cm, and then put a small Gastrodia elata on the left and right side of each corncob, the distance between small Gastrodia elata should be 10cm, not too thin or too dense. Immediately after sowing Gastrodia elata, cover the soil 10cm thick, then sow the second layer according to the same method, finally cover the 15cm thick soil, then compact the soil surface and all around, with 1 meter wide as a box, leaving sidewalks in the middle, unlimited length, can be determined according to the place, the height after planting is generally between 30~35cm, around the box can be brickwork retaining soil, can also be exposed, in short, can not be too wide, one is easy to manage Second, it is beneficial to the growth and ventilation of Gastrodia elata. In addition to cultivating Armillaria mellea in advance to cultivate Gastrodia elata, corncob plus Armillaria mellea or cultivated corncob fungus can be planted with Gastrodia elata at the same time, but Gastrodia elata must be close to the fungus material, and the new material must be used as a bridge to connect the fungus materials. it is also the reserve force for the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata. This method can provide guarantee for the lack of nutrition supply in the later stage of Gastrodia elata. 6. Management techniques: the management of Gastrodia elata low altitude substitute cultivation is mainly temperature and humidity management. After Gastrodia elata cultivation, the suitable temperature in the growth stage is between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is between 18 ℃ and 22 ℃. If it is higher than 28 ℃ and stops growing, it will die over 30 ℃, especially in the summer day when the air temperature is as high as 30 ℃ or above. In the case of high humidity, Gastrodia elata will rot, and a lot of rotten Gastrodia elata will be found when picking. Therefore, one is to avoid sun exposure, and the other is to take measures to cool down as far as possible, preferably between 18 ℃ and 22 ℃. Humidity is also very important for the growth of Gastrodia elata. Generally, the suitable soil water content is between 50% and 60%. Too dry and too wet are not conducive to growth. Excessive soil moisture affects the permeability and decay of Gastrodia elata, which is required to maintain the kind of soil moisture at the time of sowing. In the process of management, if you find that the topsoil is dry and white, you can pour a small amount of water, as long as you keep the topsoil with a certain degree of moisture, and do not pour too much water into the center of the soil. Light management is not very important, although Gastrodia elata is a plant, but it can not carry out photosynthesis, as long as it is not all dark conditions can grow, but strong direct sunlight or exposure to the temperature is too high, not conducive to growth. Therefore, the artificial shade shed or under the forest must be adopted to avoid the light and cool environment. Ventilation problem: Gastrodia elata growth needs a certain amount of air, whether indoors or outdoors, under any conditions, can not be closely covered with plastic film, cultivation and fungus area can not be connected into a large area, must be 1 meter wide to leave a gap or sidewalk, to facilitate ventilation. Seventh, harvest and processing technology: Gastrodia elata is cultivated once a year, the growth cycle is one year, and the harvest time is the sowing time. In Sichuan area, it is generally harvested from November to December every year. Large Gastrodia elata is selected as commercial Gastrodia elata for processing, and small Gastrodia elata can be used for cultivation. The harvesting method of Gastrodia elata is as follows: planing the topsoil, taking out Gastrodia elata, and classifying it according to its size. Generally can be divided into two categories: commercial hemp and seed hemp. Commercial hemp is divided into upper, middle and lower grades according to large, medium and small, and seed hemp is divided into white-headed hemp and rice hemp according to size. Gastrodia elata is generally picked and dug, sowed and processed at the same time. Sowing in time is beneficial to the survival rate and yield of Gastrodia elata next year, and immediate processing is beneficial to improve the quality and color of Gastrodia elata. There are many processing methods of Gastrodia elata. A simple and easy method is introduced. The fresh Gastrodia elata is immediately washed with water, and then steamed or boiled in a steamer in time. The cooking time is generally about 30 minutes. It is appropriate to take the middle heart of Gastrodia elata to be thoroughly cooked or overcooked. It should be baked immediately after cooking. In the process of baking and drying, when Gastrodia elata is semi-dry and semi-wet, in order to prevent mildew, insects and whitening. Can be fumigated with sulfur, and then baked to dry, moistureproof preservation.