How to plant sweet-scented osmanthus trees?

Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen tree of the genus Oleaceae, also known as Oleaceae, cinnamon, golden millet, Jiuli incense, etc., originated in southwest and south-central China, has been cultivated for more than 2500 years, and is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. It has beautiful trees, luxuriant branches, green leaves, evergreen four seasons and attractive flowers. It is widely cultivated in South China and the provinces and regions of the Yangtze River Basin. It is one of the most precious flowers and trees in modern urban greening. It is designated as the city flower by Suzhou, Hangzhou, Guilin and other world-famous tourist cities. 1. Plant morphological characteristics of sweet-scented osmanthus the main varieties of sweet-scented osmanthus are Jin Gui, Yin Gui, Dan Gui and Siji Gui and so on. Jin Guishu is tall, with a height of up to 5.7 meters, fine and hard wood, gray-white wood bark, round crown, large opposite leaves, leathery, thick green shiny leaves, entire or serrulate, elliptic or long elliptic-lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, apex pointed or acuminate, base cuneate, petiole shorter. Flower clusters born in leaf axils, Cymes, with thin pedicels, flowers small, calyx 4-lobed, lobes toothed; Corolla 4-lobed, divided to the base, lobes oval, flowers golden yellow, the strongest aroma. Silver cinnamon leaves are smaller, oval, obovate and thin, the flowers are yellow-white or light yellow, the fragrance is slightly lighter than that of cinnamon, and the florescence is a week later than that of Jin Gui. Cinnamon leaves are small, lanceolate or oval, the apex is pointed, the leaf surface is rough, the flowers are orange or orange red, the aroma is light. Four seasons cassia leaf plum oval, thin, yellow or light yellow flowers, long florescence, in addition to severe cold and heat, several times flowering, but mostly in autumn, light fragrance, small leaves, mostly shrubby. The drupe is oval in shape and contains a seed. The florescence is from September to October. Second, sweet-scented osmanthus trees on the requirements of environmental conditions, sweet-scented osmanthus like warm and humid climate, have a certain ability to resist cold, but not resistant to severe cold. Like light, but also resistant to shade, in the seedlings should have a certain degree of shade. The demand for soil is not high, like the slightly acidic soil with high dryness and rich humus, especially the sandy soil with deep, fertile and moist soil and good drainage. Do not tolerate drought and barren soil, avoid saline-alkali soil and waterlogged land, planted in poorly drained wetlands, will cause poor growth, root rot, leaf shedding, and eventually lead to the death of the whole plant. The propagation methods of sweet-scented osmanthus include sowing, cutting, grafting, striping and so on. Cutting and grafting are the most common in production. The main results are as follows: 1. The technology of cutting propagation is simple, the number of propagation is large, the speed is fast, the survival rate is high, and the cost is low. It is the most widely used propagation method for seedling producers and flower lovers. (1) cutting time: 1-year-old spring shoot can be selected for cutting from early March to mid-April, which is the best cutting time. The semi-mature branches of the same year can also be selected for heel cutting from late June to late August, but it has high requirements for temperature and humidity control. (2) cutting and treatment of cuttings: the middle and upper and outer branches of the middle and upper part of the tree were selected as cuttings. Cut the branches to 10-12 cm long, remove the lower leaves, leaving only the upper 3-4 leaves. Soaking cuttings in 500-fold solution of "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed rooting agent for 0.5-1 hour is of great benefit to cuttings rooting. (3) soil preparation: the soil with slightly acidic, loose, aerated and good water retention was mixed with "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer as cutting medium. (4) Post-cutting management: mainly to control temperature and humidity, which is the key to whether cuttings can take root and survive. The best ground temperature for rooting is 25-28 ℃, and the best relative humidity should be kept above 85%. It can be controlled by sunshade, arch plastic shed, sprinkler, ventilation and so on. Secondly, we should pay attention to anti-mildew, because of high temperature and humidity easy to produce mold, you can alternately use "Haizhuangyuan 818" plant guard or bacterial poison 800 times liquid spray every week. Grafting propagation has the advantages of rapid seedling formation, prosperous growth, early flowering and small variation, and it is also one of the more commonly used methods. Cultivate rootstocks: use 1-2-year-old seedlings as rootstocks, such as privet, lobular privet, lobular ash and so on. Among them, the survival rate of sweet-scented osmanthus grafted with privet is high, and the initial growth is fast, but the wound is not healed well, and it is easy to break off in case of strong wind or external force collision. 2. Grafting propagation was carried out before and after Ching Ming Festival. There are two most commonly used methods in production, one is split connection, the other is abdominal connection. It is appropriate to select 1-2-year-old sturdy, disease-free branches on adult trees, remove leaves and retain petioles. If the split grafting method is used, the rootstock should be cut 4-6 cm from the ground before budding in spring before grafting. The thickness of the scion should match the thickness of the rootstock, the cutting surface of the scion should be smooth, and the key to the success of split grafting is that the cambium of the rootstock and the scion should be aligned and tightly bound. If the abdominal grafting method is adopted, the grafting buds are directly embedded in the rootstock without breaking the rootstock, and the rootstock will be cut off after successful grafting. No matter which method is adopted for grafting, it should be grafted as soon as possible. If you take ears from other places, be sure to keep them fresh. It is better to choose sunny and windless weather for grafting. After grafting, attention should be paid to checking the survival rate, doing a good job in mending, wiping buds, cutting rootstocks, unbinding, water and fertilizer management and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. 3. Sowing propagation in addition to cutting and grafting, sweet-scented osmanthus can also be sowed and propagated. However, because some varieties are not fruiting or less fruiting, and the seedlings bred by sowing method have a longer life from flowering to flowering, it takes more than 10 years to blossom, so seedling producers and family flower lovers seldom use this method. The seeds of sweet-scented osmanthus mature about May. After seed collection, the seeds can be sowed in two periods: first, it can be inserted immediately after harvest, which can reduce the process of seed storage, and some seeds will germinate and emerge in autumn. Its disadvantage is that the overwintering management of seedlings is difficult and it is easy to suffer frost injury. The second is to collect the seeds and store them in the sand first, and then sow the seeds from the sand in the spring of the following year. It germinated and sprouted in April. The advantages of this method are: fast seedling growth and less difficulty in seedling management. No matter whether it is sowing and raising seedlings, "Olga" seaweed essence should be used for seed dressing before sowing, to prevent seedling blight at seedling stage, and to strengthen water and fertilizer management, time seedling replenishment and weeding, sunshade and cold prevention. 4. The time of striping propagation should be carried out before sprouting in spring. Because the branch of sweet-scented osmanthus is not easy to bend, it generally does not use the ground pressure method, but only the high-pressure method. When using the high pressure method, select the 2-3-year-old branches with strong growth potential on the excellent mother plant, peel a 0.3 cm wide circle of cortex on the branches, then apply 500 times solution of "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed rooting agent at the ring peeling place, and then use plastic film to cover the mountain mud, rotten leaf soil, moss, etc., wrap the engraved part, pour through the water, and then wrap the mouth of the bag. Always pay attention to observation, and timely replenish water, so that the bandage is always in a moist state. After cultivation in summer and autumn, new roots will grow. In the spring of the following year, the branches that grow roots are cut off from the mother body, the bandages are removed, the soil is moved into the basin, poured through water, and maintained in a cool place. After a large number of new shoots germinate, they will receive full light. 4. The 1-year-old sweet-scented osmanthus seedlings cultivated by planting and cutting should not be used as green seedlings immediately because of their poor ability to resist drought, cold and barren. They should first be transplanted to the nursery and continue to be cultivated for 2-5 years, and then transplant. The main points of cultivation and management are briefly introduced as follows: 1. Sandy loam with sufficient light, deep soil layer, rich humus, strong permeability and convenient drainage and irrigation is selected as cultivation nursery. In the autumn and winter of the previous year, the nursery was reclaimed once, and the hole was dug according to the specification that the row spacing was 1 × 1.5 m (2 years later, when it was long, thick and high, one plant was removed every other plant, so that the plant spacing was 2 × 1.5 m) and the planting hole was 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 m. "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12 or 15-5-15) 0.5-1 kg and "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer 0.3 kg were applied to each hole as base fertilizer. Mix "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with surface loam, fill it into the hole, and then apply "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer and transplant directly. 2. Transplanting is best when the sap has not yet flowed or just flowed, usually from early February to early March. When taking seedlings, leave more roots and hurt less roots as much as possible. After taking seedlings, they should be planted as soon as possible, and those who need to adjust seedlings from other places should pay attention to moisturizing to prevent seedlings from dehydration. After planting, the soil should be compacted and watered once, so that the root system of the seedling is closely connected with the soil. 3. Water and fertilizer management after transplanting, if heavy rain causes stagnant water in the nursery, trenches should be dug to drain water. In case of drought, water should be watered to fight the drought. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizer should be applied three times a year: in late March, each plant was treated with 100 times of seaweed paste fertilizer of "Haizhuangyuan 818" and 800 times of rooting agent of "Haizhuangyuan 818" 0.1-0.3 kg, to promote its height and multiple shoots. In July, each plant was applied 0.1-0.3 kg of "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12 or 15-5-15). Immediately after fertilization, it was watered to improve its drought resistance. In October, "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12 or 15-5-15) 0.5-1 kg and "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer 0.3 kg were applied to each plant to improve its cold resistance and prepare for overwintering. 4. The pruning and shaping sweet-scented osmanthus has the characteristics of strong germination and natural formation of shrubs. It shoots twice a year in spring and autumn. if it is not pruned and wiped in time, it is difficult to cultivate tall plants, and it is easy to form the phenomenon of upper strong and lower weak with dense upper branches and rare lower branches. During pruning, except for those with poor growth due to tree potential and branch potential, it is generally dominated by branch thinning, and only the overdense peripheral branches are properly thinned, and the overgrown branches and disease and insect branches are cut off to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the plant. The sprouting tillering branches from the base of the trunk should be erased in time so as not to consume the nutrients in the tree and disturb the shape of the tree. 5. Loosening soil and weeding in spring and autumn, ploughing once combined with fertilization in order to improve soil structure. The ability of cold resistance can be enhanced by building a base once before overwintering and painting the trunk white once. Weed 2-3 times a year to prevent weeds from competing with seedlings for water, fertilizer and light. 6. there are few diseases and insect pests in sweet-scented osmanthus, such as anthracnose, leaf spot, red spider and oyster shield scale, which can be prevented by spraying 800 times solution of "Haizhuangyuan 818" plant guard once every 10-15 days, and in the early stage of diseases and insect pests. 600 times liquid of plant guard of "Haizhuangyuan 818" or methyl topiramate or dichlorvos or trichlorofenac were used for control. 5. The main points of transplanting sweet-scented osmanthus trees: 1. The transplanting time should be from mid-January to early February. At this time, the trees are in a dormant state, and soon after transplantation, the vitality becomes stronger and it is easy to survive. Avoid transplanting in summer. 2. Pruning can reduce the nutrient consumption and water transpiration in the tree. The amount of pruning is determined by the age and growth potential of the tree. A hundred-year-old tree should leave few or no branches because of its weak growth. Those with strong growth and those who are young can leave more branches. When cutting, it is necessary to remove disease and insect branches, growing branches and cross branches. After that, smear the wound with Vaseline or Bordeaux solution to avoid disease and insect damage and Rain Water erosion. 3. In order to improve the transplanting survival rate of sweet-scented osmanthus trees, the roots of 1max 2 were cut off in the spring of 1-2 years before transplanting, and the distance from the stump to the stump was 2-3 times the diameter of the stump, and then smeared 500-600 times solution of seaweed rooting agent "Haizhuangyuan 818" or 0.1% indole acetic acid solution on the cut root, covered with soil and watered thoroughly to let it grow new roots. 4. The size of the soil ball determined by pile excavation is generally 4-6 times the diameter of the stump. If the ground diameter is too thick to transport, it should not be less than 3. While digging, tie the earth ball with a wet straw curtain and straw rope to prevent it from getting loose. The big root of the tree is sawed off with a saw, and the steel mouth is coated with "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed rooting agent. After digging, wrap it with a wet straw curtain and straw rope, and tie the grass rope to the tree trunk 2.5 meters high. 5. Light loading and unloading should be carried out during transportation. When loading, the trees should be fixed and separated by buffers to prevent the trees from colliding, so as not to hurt the skin and hit the soil balls. Pay attention to moisturizing on the way. 6. One month after planting, dig the planting hole, the size of the hole is 1.5-2 times that of the soil ball, and then apply "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12 or 15-5-15) 3-5 kg and "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer 0.3 kg as base fertilizer. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed was mixed with the surface loam, filled into the hole, and then irrigated and planted with "Haizhuangyuan 818" seaweed microbial fertilizer. When planting, use a crane to gently put the tree into the planting hole, cut the packaging grass curtain and rope with scissors, and then backfill the stable soil, step on it and water it thoroughly. 7. Management and protection (1) A fixed frame is set up around the trunk of the tree to prevent the tree from shaking due to the collision between people and animals and the strong wind. (2) after April, the shade canopy should be erected on three sides of the tree (except the northwest) to prevent direct sunlight and reduce water transpiration. The cool weather can be removed in October. (3) the root system of the freshly planted tree is damaged and the water absorption is weak, so the amount of water should not be too much to avoid mildew and rot of the root system. But not too little, otherwise the tree will lose water and die. (4) Infusion can meet the water and nutrient needs of the appendage, and can greatly improve the survival rate of transplanting. Infusion is usually carried out from April to September. Before infusion, use a woodworking drill at the base of the tree to drill 3-5 infusion holes at a 45-degree angle from top to bottom, deep to the pith. The solution was then prepared by adding 0.15 grams of seaweed rooting agent "Haizhuangyuan 818" and 0.5 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per liter of water. Hang the bottle containing the liquid in a high place, insert the trunk syringe into the infusion hole, turn on the infusion switch, and the liquid can be injected into the tree. After the infusion, pull out the needle and plug the infusion hole with cotton balls. When the next infusion is needed, the cotton ball can be clipped out and the infusion can be carried out. The frequency and interval of infusion are determined according to the degree of drought, temperature and plant water requirement. After the plant is completely out of danger, seal the infusion hole with Bordeaux liquid. 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