Ganoderma lucidum cultivation technology: how to cultivate ganoderma lucidum?

How to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum? Please introduce the method of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in China, which began in 1960 and was successfully domesticated by Mr. Chen Meipeng, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are two kinds of cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum: substitute cultivation and section wood cultivation. Substitute cultivation is to bag with artificial culture materials and put them in the shed to cultivate the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum; section wood cultivation is to saw the wood into certain lengths of wood and imitate wild soil-covering cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum can be carried out with reference to the following four methods: first, the technology of soil-covered bag cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in the northern region using vegetable plastic greenhouse to plant Ganoderma lucidum in the free land from June to October, which can not only improve the economic benefits per unit area, but also meet the requirements of ecological conditions of Ganoderma lucidum. 100 kg dry material can produce 13-15 kg of dried Ganoderma lucidum, which is 40% higher than that of conventional bag cultivation, and the shape of Ganoderma lucidum is normal. The diameter of Zhi lid is more than 15ml 20cm, the color is beautiful, and the export qualified rate is more than 90%. The cultivation methods are as follows: ㈠ medium 1. Cottonseed hull 88%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%. two。 Sawdust 38%, cottonseed shell 50%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%. 3. Corncob (corn kernel size) 50%, sawdust 29%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%. ㈡ bags were sterilized with 15 × 30 × 0.06cm low-pressure polyethylene or high-pressure polypropylene plastic bags. According to the proportion of the formula, the raw materials were mixed with water and then piled up for half an hour, and the water content was determined to be 60-65% by hand-holding method. Do not culture material humidity is too large or too small. Due to excessive moisture, mycelium growth was inhibited due to hypoxia. Too little water, the mycelium growth is weak, and it is difficult to form fruiting bodies. Bagging is loose and tight, each bag contains 500 grams of dry material, and the bags are sterilized under atmospheric pressure. ㈢ inoculation can only be inoculated when the temperature of the waiting bag for inoculation is below 30 ℃. Because Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated with clinker, the workload of inoculation is large, so it is generally inoculated in the inoculation room. The bacterial bag after inoculation was placed on the culture rack to send bacteria. The culture rack was disinfected with 0.2% carbendazim in advance, and the floor of the culture room was sprinkled with a layer of lime powder to reduce pollution. The temperature is controlled at 24 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 60%. After 30 days of culture without light, the mycelium can grow all over the bacterial bag. In order to create a good ecological environment for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum, the ㈣ site is prepared to transfer the Ganoderma lucidum bags with good bacteria into the vegetable plastic greenhouse for cultivation. Covered with grass curtains, Ganoderma lucidum is not only protected from direct sunlight, but also meets the requirements of temperature, humidity, light and air. The cultivation site should be treated before the bacterial bag is put into the shed. Specific practice: ① trench to make beds. Dig 100cm to 120cm wide, 30cm deep and length depending on the shed in the north-south direction, and the distance between the two rows is 40cm as a walkway. ② disinfection and sterilization. Spray 0.2% carbendazim on the ground and shed walls, and sprinkle a layer of plant ash on the bottom of the bed to strictly control the source of pollution. ? Build an arch shed. The optimum temperature for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is 27 ℃, and the bacterial bags moved into the greenhouse in winter or early spring, in order to prevent deformed ganoderma lucidum due to low temperature or excessive temperature difference between day and night, a small arch shed should be built in the plastic greenhouse, with split bamboo slices, inserted into the soil at both ends, arched in the middle and covered with plastic film to make the temperature in the shed above 25 ℃ as far as possible. ㈤ covering Ganoderma lucidum will move the mycelium-growing bag into the plastic greenhouse, disinfect the bag surface with 1% potassium permanganate solution, then cut the bag with a blade, peel off the film, and stand in the border. The space between the bag is 2mur3 cm, and the cavity is filled with sandy soil. After the whole border is full, sprinkle about 1 cm thick plant ash on the top of the bag, and cover it with about 2 cm thick sandy loam. After covering the soil, water is added to the border, generally adding 500 grams of compound fertilizer in 50 kg of water, which can not only moisturize, but also promote mycelium kink to form a fruiting body. The management of bacterial bags covered with soil is mainly to moisturize and ventilate, and to prevent direct sunlight. When growing in the vegetable plastic greenhouse from June to October, the plastic film should be lifted all around, and the roof should be shaded by grass curtains. Generally, the hyphae can kink to form primordia after 7 days of soil mulching. Half a month later, the primordia grow out of the ground one after another, and the primordia differentiate into stalks after about 20 days. At this time, according to the density of Ganoderma lucidum, some Ganoderma lucidum can be removed properly to prevent the bacterial cover from extruding each other after growing up. Affect the quality. After half a month of growth, the stalk gradually grew into a cap, and the color gradually changed from white to light yellow, and then deepened to yellowish brown. During this period, the air humidity should be kept at 85: 95%, scattered light should be given, and the temperature in the shed should be raised to about 29: 30 ℃. ㈥ harvesting and processing takes about 20 days from cap formation to harvest. When the color of the edge of the cap changes from white to red, and brown spores can be seen on the back of the cap, Ganoderma lucidum is ripe and can be harvested. After the harvest of Ganoderma lucidum, the water was stopped for about 7 days to restore the growth of mycelium and promote the formation of new buds, and the second Ganoderma lucidum could be harvested 2 months later. After harvest, Ganoderma lucidum should be dried or dried in time, cut the handle according to the purchase standard, and sold in plastic bags. Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in plastic greenhouse has short and thick stalk, deep color and large cover, which is very similar to wild Ganoderma lucidum and has high commercial value. In order to prevent moth, dried or dried Ganoderma lucidum should be fumigated with drugs to ensure the quality of the goods. Generally, 0.5% aluminum phosphide is ignited in a sealed plastic shed containing dried Ganoderma lucidum. After burning, it is sealed for 24 hours, then the plastic shed is opened, and 48 hours after the poison gas is released, the Ganoderma lucidum package is sealed and preserved. 2. Ganoderma lucidum planted in summer in greenhouse made use of large area warm vegetable greenhouse to plant Ganoderma lucidum in summer. The biological efficiency reached 8.5% to 9.2%. The techniques used are as follows: different strains of Ganoderma lucidum selected by ㈠ have different growth and development characteristics. therefore, different strains of Ganoderma lucidum have different requirements for environmental conditions. In order to achieve high quality and high yield. Practice has proved that Taishan Ganoderma lucidum and Korean Ganoderma lucidum are cultivated in a large area in the greenhouse, showing good adaptability. ㈡ regulating temperature winter warm vegetable greenhouse is a kind of special environment, the greenhouse has good tightness and is isolated from the outside air. After the sunlight enters the greenhouse through the greenhouse film into heat energy, it is not easy to be carried away by the external airflow, and the heat energy in the soil at night replenishes the temperature inside the greenhouse through long wave radiation, so the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than that outside the greenhouse. Ganoderma lucidum is a kind of high temperature medicinal fungus, and the optimum growth and development of fruiting body is about 29 ℃. The greenhouse creates good high temperature conditions for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. However, the temperature above 32 ℃ has an effect on the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum. Reasonable water spraying and ventilation can keep the temperature of the greenhouse no more than 32 ℃. On the other hand, the greenhouse also has obvious day-night temperature difference, the lower the external temperature, the greater the day-night temperature difference. In late March, the daytime temperature of the greenhouse can reach 30 ℃, but the night temperature is lower than 10 ℃. In late May, the temperature in the greenhouse can be controlled at about 30 ℃ during the day, and the average temperature at night can also reach more than 20 ℃. At this time, the Ganoderma lucidum bag full of mycelia is moved into the greenhouse to produce Ganoderma lucidum. The shape of the sesame is thick, large and normal. ㈢ regulating humidity the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum fruit body requires relative humidity between 90% and 95%. How to maintain humidity in greenhouse is an important part of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation to achieve high yield and high quality. After the bacteria bag enters the shed and opens the bag, the way of irrigation is beneficial to the increase of humidity in the shed. The greenhouse is a closed structure, isolated from the outside world, the water evaporated from the ground is not easy to drain, so the humidity of the greenhouse is easy to maintain. However, the change of relative humidity in greenhouse is opposite to that of temperature. The higher the temperature is, the lower the relative humidity is. When the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 30 ℃, under the condition of ventilation, the humidity of the greenhouse will decrease obviously, so it is necessary to add water and spray, and at the same time, wet gunny bags should be used at the height of one meter at the front of the greenhouse. Through the above measures, the appropriate humidity of Ganoderma lucidum can be maintained and obvious results have been achieved. ㈣ aerated Ganoderma lucidum is an aerobic fungus, and the content of carbon dioxide in the air has a great influence on the development of Ganoderma lucidum. The experiment shows that when the content of carbon dioxide in the air is about 0.1%, it can obviously promote the stalk; when the content of carbon dioxide is between 0.1 and 0.8%, Ganoderma lucidum grows into antlers, so it is very important for Ganoderma lucidum to be ventilated and ventilated in summer in winter warm vegetable greenhouse. For this reason, we set up an isosceles triangular exhaust hole on the north wall of the winter warm vegetable greenhouse, and the bottom edge film of about 1 meter in the south was replaced with wet sacks. Open the shed door for ventilation, and a large amount of low-temperature air flows into the shed from the ground to form a sweeping wind. Through the above measures, the content of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is not more than 0.03%, and the shape of Ganoderma lucidum is large and neat. The mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum grew faster in complete darkness than in light under ㈤ regulation. However, the development of fruiting body is very sensitive to light, although it can produce fruiting body from no light to strong light, but the shape of fruiting body changes greatly. The experimental results show that the top of the greenhouse is covered with three-layer grass curtains, and the illuminance in the greenhouse is less than 300 lux. at this time, the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum only produces thin and long stalks and bends toward the bottom, and the cap grows very thin and small, even does not produce a cover; the top of the greenhouse is covered with a layer of grass curtain, and the light intensity in the greenhouse is more than 10000 lux on a sunny day. Ganoderma lucidum stalks and lids grow sturdily, rapidly and morphologically normally. Therefore, the top of the greenhouse is usually covered with a straw curtain. Once you encounter continuous rainy days, you can dilute the grass curtain of the greenhouse. ㈥ conclusion through three years of experiment and popularization, a complete set of techniques for planting Ganoderma lucidum in summer in winter greenhouse has been formed. After the vegetables are harvested in the greenhouse in May every year, the finishing and disinfection in the greenhouse will be carried out. The Ganoderma lucidum bags covered with mycelia will be transported, stacked, opened and sprinkled with water to adjust the temperature, humidity, oxygen and light suitable for the development of Ganoderma lucidum cover. Practice has proved that the net income per mu of winter warm vegetable greenhouse is more than 20,000 yuan per mu, which greatly improves the economic benefit of the greenhouse. 3. Cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum in Korea in recent years, Ganoderma lucidum introduced from Korea has been cultivated in many areas, and the area has expanded year by year. Several cultivation techniques of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences are as follows: ㈠ seasonal arrangement of Ganoderma lucidum belongs to high temperature and constant temperature fungi, Ganoderma lucidum from Korea is no exception, its mycelium growth temperature is 15: 32 ℃, the optimum temperature for fruit body growth and development is 27: 29 ℃. The air humidity should be 80-90%. The cultivation bags were made in late April or early May in Liaoning area. After inoculation, the culture of 18Mel was transferred to the cultivation field for 25 days, and then cultivated for 25 days. 3 batches of Ganoderma lucidum could be collected from mid-July to mid-September. The fruiting body stopped growing after the temperature dropped in late September. ㈡ cultivation method in Liaoning area, except for a small amount of wood cultivation, most of them are cultivated by substitute cultivation method. According to the biological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum in Korea, they are cultivated in plastic greenhouse with good lighting, heat preservation and ventilation. The main technical links of greenhouse Ganoderma lucidum substitute cultivation are as follows: 1. Greenhouse construction generally requires a greenhouse area of 72 × 8 × 2.5m=1440 square meters in length × width × height for 1 ton of dried Ganoderma lucidum. The east-west direction is better. The bacterial bags are arranged horizontally. According to the height of 12 to 13 layers, each shed can put 2.5 ~ 30000 bacterial bags (500g of dry material). two。 In order to ensure the quality of the bag to prevent the bag from breaking and reduce the cost, it is best to use the bag made from the imported material of high-density and low-pressure polyethylene. This kind of bag has good toughness and high temperature resistance, and the specification is 17 × 34cm. Culture material formula ⑴ sawdust 54%, cottonseed shell 30%, wheat bran 10%, corn meal 5%, gypsum powder 1%, urea 0.2%. ⑵ sawdust 77%, corncob 10%, cornmeal 12%, gypsum 1%, urea 0.2%. No matter which formula is used, the raw materials are required to be fresh and mildew-free, the sawdust should be thick and fine to facilitate ventilation, and the water content of the material is 60% 65% pH natural. When bagging, it should be loose and tight, compacted, and the ends of the bag should be fastened with leather bands or ropes and sterilized under normal pressure. Inoculated according to the aseptic operation rules, the inoculation amount is 90.12 bags per bottle, and the contamination rate is controlled below 5%. 4. The management technology adopts two-field system, that is, the bacteria bag is placed on the wooden frame in the culture room. Bacteria are sent under 26Mel 28 ℃, bacteria bags are placed in the well shape, the air in the culture room should be smooth, the bacteria should be checked frequently in the process of bacteria transmission, and the bags contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria should be disposed of in time. In general, the mycelium can grow full in the bag after 25 days, and then move into the greenhouse for Ganoderma lucidum management. This stage is the high temperature season in Liaoning area, so we should pay attention to temperature, humidity, light and ventilation. After the mycelium grows into the bag, cut the bag with a sharp knife to open the bag, but be careful not to break the bag, pour water in the ditch between the stacks, spray water once every morning and evening on a sunny day, and spray water in order to keep the soil moist. In case of dry weather that is sunny for a long time, it is necessary to appropriately increase the amount of spraying water and the number of water spraying, and the well opens about 15 vents on each side under the greenhouse (4 to 5 meters apart), lest the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum is moldy because of high humidity. Ganoderma lucidum is particularly sensitive to light and will grow into deformed Ganoderma lucidum if it is insufficient or poorly ventilated, so the roof is covered with grass curtains to keep scattered light. The spacing of bacterial bags is 8cm to 10cm to avoid overlap and adhesion of sesame bodies. Do not spray water on the sesame body when spore powder appears. When the white growth circle stops growing and turns yellow, it will be harvested in time. 5. The growth time of Ganoderma lucidum harvested and processed in the same shed is uneven, the white growth circle disappears and the maturity is not consistent. Therefore, Ganoderma lucidum with large enough fruiting body, dark brown color, thickened seed layer and more spore powder should be harvested first, cut off along the base with a sharp knife, put on a bamboo sieve to dry for 3 days, put into a plastic bag, sealed with preservatives to prevent return to moisture and mildew, and then packed for transportation. Fourth, Ganoderma lucidum bag planting opening skills bag planting Ganoderma lucidum how to open the mouth, to the primordium differentiation and the growth and development of fruiting body, as well as to improve the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum plays a decisive role. Heilongjiang Agricultural Economics School explored the experience in the bag cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum production as follows: the opening time of ㈠ is generally carried out when the hyphae are full of bags or mycelium kink. This method in advance in the mycelium food 1mae2mur2pouch 3 bags, because at this time the mycelium growth is exuberant, strong vitality, in the upper part of the bag mycelium growth out of the mouth, and then appropriate light, ventilation, heat preservation, moisturizing, the hyphae began to kink the primordium, while the lower mycelium can still continue to grow to the bottom of the bag, which can be 5 days ahead of time to increase the yield. There are many ways to open the mouth of Ganoderma lucidum by ㈡, such as removing the cotton plug (or cover), opening the "V", "ten" and "one" shaped mouth on the bag film, and not opening to let the ganoderma lucidum grow from the edge of the bag mouth. The practice shows that it is better to remove the brocade plug (or cover) of the mouth of the bag, and it is also better to open the "V" shape on the bag film, and the other ways of opening out Zhi are not advisable. The reason is: remove the cotton plug (or cover) at the mouth of the bag, because of the small caliber, it can not only ventilate but also control the water evaporation of the culture medium, and the primordium can differentiate and form quickly under suitable conditions. Opening the "V", "ten" and "one" shape out of the sesame mouth, because the bag film is still covered with the culture medium, the cotton plug cannot be ventilated, which is not conducive to the formation of primordium differentiation, but the "V" shape mouth can prevent the water sprayed on the bag wall from seeping into the culture medium and reduce the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, while the "ten" and "one" shaped mouth can easily cause the water sprayed on the bag wall to seep into the culture medium, resulting in excessive local moisture and poor ventilation. It is not conducive to the differentiation and formation of primordia, and will aggravate the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria. As for those who do not open the mouth of Ganoderma lucidum to grow from the edge of the cotton plug, due to poor ventilation, coupled with the narrow gap between the cotton plug and the bag mouth, the growth of Ganoderma lucidum is more difficult, which not only prolongs the time of producing Ganoderma lucidum, but also hinders the supply of water and nutrients in the later stage. resulting in poor growth of Ganoderma lucidum, even deformity, low yield and poor quality. The practice of the number of ㈢ openings has proved that the number of sesame mouths should be less than more, and its purpose is to control the number of sesame leaves per bag in the same tide. If you remove the cotton stopper at the mouth of the bag, you don't have to open the mouth of the sesame. Generally speaking, there should be no more than 2 sesame mouths per bag, and 1 is appropriate. One sesame mouth and two Ganoderma lucidum are formed at the same time. The sesame shape has high roundness, large and thick cover, high yield and excellent quality. Otherwise, too much mouth of Ganoderma lucidum will inevitably form too many primordia, and the nutrient supply will be scattered. The growing Ganoderma lucidum will not only have small flowers and low yield, but also have many deformities such as antlers, which will reduce the quality of Ganoderma lucidum. The depth of ㈣ opening is closely related to the formation of primordium differentiation. Practice has proved that when opening the mouth of Zhi, it is necessary to cut not only the bag film, but also the bacterial film to expose the culture medium with a suitable depth of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. Cutting the bacterial membrane is not only beneficial to the entry of air, but also cut off the hyphae to promote the differentiation and formation of primordia. After the opening of the management cultivation bag of ㈤, it is necessary to ensure good light, temperature, humidity and air conditions to promote the differentiation and formation of primordium. Practice has proved that the scattered light from glass windows in general rooms can meet the needs of primordium differentiation and fruiting body growth and development. The temperature should be controlled at 26 Mel 28 ℃. Keep the temperature constant day and night to prevent the temperature difference from being too large, so as not to produce deformed Zhi. The air humidity should be increased to 85.95%, and water should be sprayed to the ground, walls and space three times a day in the morning, middle and evening. When spraying, it is appropriate to sweep through the bag wall without dripping. Combined with water spray ventilation 3 times a day, each time about 20 minutes. If the primordium is formed too much, it should be good and inferior, and one should be left in each bag, no more than 2 at most. Click to get more planting techniques of Ganoderma lucidum