What should we pay attention to when planting Coprinus comatus in bed?

What should we pay attention to when planting Coprinus comatus in bed? Please introduce in detail the cultivation technology of Coprinus comatus, also known as Coprinus comatus, also known as Coprinus comatus, which is a new variety of edible mushroom. It is suitable for cultivation in March and Autumn from March to September in Shandong Province, with a variety of cultivation methods. Bed cultivation techniques are introduced. First, Coprinus comatus cultivation material strain: Tebai 33 (Jiangsu Gaoyou) and other disease-resistant varieties, the cultivation species are self-made. The formula of culture material: cottonseed husk 46%, corncob 42%, phosphate fertilizer 1% a, wheat bran 10%, quicklime powder 3%, ternary compound fertilizer 2%, gypsum 2%, material-water ratio 1 ∶ 13 (volume ratio) was prepared according to conventional fermentation for 1 week. Second, the self-made bed frame and the bamboo pole or wooden stick and plank used for loading mushrooms are built in the greenhouse into a bed frame with a width of 1.2 meters, a layer spacing of about 50 centimeters and a length of about 10 meters, with a total of three layers. Choose 26 cm × 35 cm × 0.005 cm polypropylene plastic bag. Soak in Venus disinfectant 200x solution for 1 minute, then soak the bacteria into peanut size, spread out, wait for the temperature to drop below 30 ℃ in a fashion bag, three layers of bacteria and two layers of material, that is, two layers of species at both ends of the bag, one layer in the middle layer, two layers of material outside the species, the length of the bag is about 25cm, each bag is about 1kg, a total of 1000 bags. The amount of bacteria used is 15% of the dry material, and the packed bacteria bag is placed on the bed frame in the shed for bacteria culture. After the mycelium begins to eat, the needle is used to pierce dozens of small holes around the three layers of bacteria to increase oxygen. The hyphae grew all over the bag in about 20 days. Put the mycelium-covered bag on the bedstead, open the mouth of the bag and stand up, and then cover the soil about 3 cm thick. Cover with a layer of plastic film to keep warm and humid. Third, Coprinus comatus cover soil because Coprinus comatus has the characteristic that the mycelium does not touch the soil and does not produce mushroom, so it must be covered with soil. The covering material is mixed with 50% pastoral soil, 40% river silt soil, 8% plant ash, plus 1%-2% lime powder, and finally sprayed with water, with a water content of 60%-70%. It should be pinched into a ball, and it can be dispersed to the limit. The thickness of soil cover is generally 3-5 cm, and the size of soil particles no more than 2 cm in diameter is the best. Pile together with a strict film cover, top into a concave shape, put the container with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate gasification and sterilization for 48 hours, and then bulk gas for 3 days, do not be caught in the rain. 4. The temperature range of mycelial growth of Coprinus comatus is 3-35 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 22-28 ℃. The hyphae are cold-resistant and not resistant to high temperature, and the mycelia above 35 ℃ exhibit autolysis. The temperature range of fruiting body growth is 9: 26 ℃. It is easy to die under 9 ℃ and autolysis when it is above 28 ℃. At 16-20 ℃, the fruiting body was more, the growth was fast, the yield was high, and the quality began to decline above 20 ℃. The temperature is 20: 27 ℃, the hyphae can grow to the soil surface in about 10 days, and the film can be removed at this time. Fifth, Coprinus comatus growth moisture (humidity) conditions the water content of the culture material is about 65%, the air relative humidity during the growth and development of the fruiting body is 85%-90%, higher than 95% is prone to spot disease, the base of the fruiting body and the mushroom stalk are easy to show gray-black rot, and the top of the mushroom cover is mostly dark brown. The relative humidity of clinker bag cultivation and raw meal bed cultivation should be 70% and 70% and 80% respectively. Can be taken to spray water into the air or wall to moisturize. 6. The growth of Coprinus comatus with suitable light can promote the growth of mycelium. When the light intensity is less than 10 lux, the mycelium growth is very slow, and the mushroom is about 7-11 days later than the normal condition. Fruiting bodies also grow very slowly in the absence of light stimulation, with an average delay of 5-9 days in harvest, and a general biological efficiency of about 100%. When the light is too strong, if it reaches more than 1500 lux, the growth of mycelium or fruiting body is slower than that below 10 lux. At this time, the growth of fruiting body is not only slow, but also poor quality, dry, light yellow color and little commercial value. The ideal light intensity is generally 70,800 lux. Coprinus comatus growing in such light has the advantages of fast mushroom production, high yield and good quality, and it is not easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria during the growth period and has high commercial value. Seventh, Coprinus comatus growth air conditions Coprinus comatus is an aerobic saprophytic bacteria, so its growth process requires a lot of oxygen. The appropriate oxygen content in the air can obviously improve the growth of Coprinus comatus mycelium, this is because the appropriate oxygen enhances the ability of mycelium decomposition of culture medium, and oxygen supply is an important factor for Coprinus comatus to increase production. Both mycelium growth and fruiting body growth need fresh air, so attention should be paid to proper ventilation in the stage of fungus growth and mushroom emergence. 8. Coprinus comatus is suitable for the growth of acidity and alkalinity hyphae can grow in the medium of pH2-10, and the suitable soil covering material is pH7-7.5.It is suitable for the growth of Coprinus comatus. In order to prevent the occurrence of competitive miscellaneous bacteria in production, an appropriate amount of lime was added during the preparation and stacking of culture materials to improve the pH value. 9. Prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests of Coprinus comatus 1. Disease: ① walnut fleshy bacteria: also known as false "fungus", is a malignant infectious disease easy to occur in Coprinus comatus cultivation. At the initial stage of the disease, dense white cotton-like hyphae were produced in the overlying soil layer, and then fruiting bodies similar in size to auricularia auricula occurred on the surface of the soil. Digging and developing the diseased part of the culture material will emit a strong smell of bleaching powder, the hyphae of Coprinus comatus autolysis, and the culture material blackened. Prevention and control methods: strictly select bacteria, firmly do not use any bad bacteria found; cover the soil must take soil below 20 cm of topsoil, and strictly disinfect; sprinkle the local area with concentrated lime water, and stop the water supply, and after the local soil whitens, move it out carefully and stay away from deep burial. ② white gypsum mold: the disease is caused by acidity of the culture material. It generally occurs within 10 to 15 days after planting, and white patches of different sizes are formed on the covered surface in the initial stage, such as lime powder. When it is ripe, the plaque turns pink and yellow powdery spore clusters can be seen. Digging up the culture material has a strong stench, and the hyphae of Coprinus comatus die and rot. Prevention and cure: add 5% lime powder when the culture material is fermented, adjust the pH to 8.5; spray locally with 500 times carbendazim or 5% carbonic acid; strengthen ventilation and reduce the air humidity of the border surface; ③ ghost umbrella competitive miscellaneous bacteria: the spores are mixed in the raw materials to enter the mushroom bed, and a large number of Flammulina velutipes compete with Coprinus comatus for nutrition in 5 days and 10 days. After the fruiting body decomposed, the ink-like spore fluid was released, and the subculture was very fast. Control methods: select fresh and dry rice straw as culture material, and take secondary fermentation to kill the spores; found that the umbrella should be removed in time before opening the umbrella, and buried deeply. 2. Insect pests: ① mites: there are many kinds of mites, which are mainly harmful to hyphae and fruiting bodies. Coprinus comatus can not form fruiting bodies when the population density is high. Mites come from rice straw and livestock droppings, like to live in a dark and humid environment, and multiply very fast. Control methods: the cultivation site should carefully clean up the sundries before use, and use dichlorvos to spray again; when the culture fermentation temperature reaches 55 ℃, the stack surface should be sprayed with 2000 times of paracetamate; the mushroom farm should be sprayed with 1000 times of dichlorvos or 2000 times of carotene regularly. ② Mushroom fly: Mushroom fly not only harms the fruiting body of Coprinus comatus, but also is the culprit for the transmission of miscellaneous bacteria. The damaged culture material is in the shape of bran. There was a foul smell, and maggots crawled and the hyphae were eaten. Prevention and control methods: spray the ground and surrounding areas with 0.1% ivy essence; spray with 1500 times pyrethrin or 3000 times 2.5% cypermethrin; keep the site ventilated and clean. ③ jumping beetle: this insect is an index pest with too humid cultivation environment and poor sanitary conditions. Often clustered in the bacterial film and material at the bottom of the cap, the victim's fruiting body turns red and flows out of mucus, losing its commercial value. Control methods: improve the sanitary conditions of the cultivation site to prevent excessive moisture; spray with 0.1% ivy essence or pyrethroid. Click for more Coprinus comatus planting techniques click to get more edible mushroom planting techniques