Dictyophora cultivation: how to standardize the cultivation?

How to standardize the cultivation of Dictyophora? What should I pay attention to? Also ask experienced netizens to help introduce the standardized cultivation techniques of Dictyophora. The following is a detailed introduction of the farming network for netizens' reference. 1. Environmental requirements of Dictyophora: nutritional requirements of Dictyophora: Dictyophora is a nitrogen-loving bacteria, nitrogen is a necessary raw material for Dictyophora to synthesize protein and nucleic acid, the amount of nitrogen is too low, the mycelium growth is not strong, and the yield is low. Generally, there is a shortage of nitrogen sources in bamboo powder and sawdust. During pile fermentation, urea should be added to the culture material and urea should be applied in the cultivation land to increase the nutrients of the cultivation land, promote the vigorous growth of mycelium and increase the yield. Dictyophora requirements for oxygen: Dictyophora is an aerobic fungus, the soil is fertile and loose, and the soil is lightly covered during planting to ensure a certain degree of air permeability in the culture material to facilitate mycelium growth. The temperature requirement of Dictyophora: Dictyophora is a medium-high temperature fungus, which likes shady and humid environment, the mycelial growth temperature is 5: 32 ℃, the optimum temperature is 23 ℃, and the fruiting body formation temperature is 20: 30 ℃, the optimum temperature is 25 ℃. Therefore, it is necessary to build a sunshade or interplant crops to protect them from the sun, and to keep the covered soil and ditch soil moist. The requirement of acidity and alkalinity of Dictyophora: Dictyophora grows and multiplies in humus layer and slightly acidic soil for a long time, which is suitable for growing in slightly acidic environment. Therefore, the pH value of Dictyophora culture material and covering soil is between 5 and 6.5, and the growth is hindered when the pH value is greater than 7. 2. Selection of planting site and strain selection of Dictyophora: the field with convenient transportation, fertile soil, drought and waterlogging prevention should be selected. The amount of bamboo, sawdust, Reed and other materials needed for the cultivation of Dictyophora are large and heavy, and the transportation cost can be saved by selecting fields with convenient transportation. The thick soil layer has the advantages of high humus content, loose air permeability and good water retention. The fields should be irrigated by drought and waterlogged, so as to keep the covered soil and gully soil moist. Dictyophora should not be planted continuously, but should be transferred from low to high fields to avoid cross-infection of pathogens and reduce yield. Planting must be at an interval of more than 4 years, and the upper plots and the surrounding unplanted fields are better. Dry land, fields that have planted sweet potatoes and other crops that like fertilizer and drought last year, and fields with fine sand that are poor in water retention and susceptible to drought are all unsuitable for planting because of lack of fertilizer and many insect pests. At the same time, we can also take bamboo, fruit and other woodland interplanting. The woodland with gentle topography and horseshoe shape, loose and fertile soil, high content of organic matter and soft texture should be selected. The woodland with moderate density (180 trees per mu), 12 years old or two years after thinning is required. The condition of holding water and keeping moisture is good. Variety selection of Dictyophora: when purchasing strains, the mycelium grows neatly and strongly, and the bacteria age is 65-75 days. It is better for those who feel harder, and those who have yellow water droplets are older. When purchasing seeds, you should see whether the certificate of the strain merchant is complete, and ask for the certificate of seed purchase. 3. Fermentation technology of culture material for Dictyophora in field cultivation of Dictyophora should be as follows: the amount of fertilizer used for ① should be in place, 50 kg urea per mu and 10 kg compound fertilizer per mu. The ② culture material is in place, and the amount of material used per mu is 15 to 16 cubic meters about 7200kg. The amount of bacteria used for ③ is in place, and the amount of bacteria used per mu is 550,600 bags, 0.5kg per bag. Material preparation: the kinds of raw materials are bamboo chips, sawdust, crop straw and so on. The time is arranged from October to December every year, the culture material should be fresh, the fermentation of fresh material should be heated up quickly, the material that blackens and rotten, the fermentation temperature is low, which will affect the yield. The culture materials purchased in the morning should be kept properly to prevent natural fermentation in high temperature and rain from burning materials and reduce the nutrients in the culture materials. Material preparation per mu: 14 cubic meters of bamboo chips, 2 cubic meters of sawdust, 25 kg of urea, 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of light calcium carbonate. Pile-building fermentation: through pile-building fermentation, complex carbohydrates are decomposed and decomposed, and transformed into nutrients that can be easily absorbed and utilized by Dictyophora hyphae. The purpose of fermentation, on the one hand, is to increase the nitrogen content of the culture material, so that the culture material becomes soft and rotten, so as to facilitate mycelium degradation and promote growth. On the other hand, the elimination of miscellaneous bacteria, the production of high temperature in the fermentation process can kill miscellaneous bacteria and pests in the culture material, and destroy the alkaloids in the culture material. Pile-building method: start building heap fermentation 45-60 days before planting, spread a layer of culture material about 30 cm thick, sprinkle urea, compound fertilizer and light calcium, pour clear water to turn the culture material, dig holes next to the pile, collect the permeated water for reuse, and then spread a layer of culture material, sprinkle urea, compound fertilizer, light calcium, and pour clear water, so that the material is stacked into a ladder shape repeatedly, and then step on it slightly when it is 1.3 meters high. The first few layers should use less water. Turn the pile: turn the pile once every 15 to 18 days, adjust the internal and external materials, and add water according to the dry and wet degree of the culture material, keeping the water content of the culture material at about 60%, that is, kneading into a ball by hand and not dripping with water in the fingers. Choose to turn the pile when the temperature is high after 9: 00 a. M. on a sunny day. When turning the pile, the temperature in the material is 50-60 ℃, steaming, and the feet feel hot. Turn the pile evenly for 3 times. The thickness of the root material determines the fermentation time until the material is brown and fragrant. The process of turning the pile is also a process of removing exhaust gas and replenishing oxygen. 4. field preparation for planting bamboo shoot in the field: put the rice straw in the field on the ridge around the field, split the rice pile with a grass splitter, 10 days before planting, evenly apply 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu, or after culture material fermentation, evenly apply 35 kg of urea per mu and 100 kg of calcium per mu, then turn the soil with a micro-tiller, expose and sterilize, weathering and loose soil. Border bed width is about 70 cm, ditch width is about 25 cm, border length and drainage ditch can be determined according to the field. Sowing and covering soil of Dictyophora: from February to March every year, when the temperature is more than 5 ℃, it can be sown. After sowing, it can be mined 90-110 days after sowing, and can be picked in 3-4 tides. Pour the fermentation material into a tortoise-backed bacterial bed before sowing, and check whether there is ammonia in the culture material, and if so, cool it for 2 to 4 days, choose cool material on cloudy or light rainy days, to prevent heavy rain from scouring nutrients in the culture material, it is best to sow seeds while cooling, and the dry material needs to be watered to keep the water content at about 60%. Using the "one" zigzag sowing method, the head and tail bacteria should be planted with flowers and less culture material, and the soil should be cultured on both sides of the bacterial bed. The soil is 7 cm thick when the material is more and 4 cm thick when the material is less, and the tortoise back is shaped. After covering the soil, the surface of the border can be covered with rice straw. After 3-5 days, the rice straw absorbs moisture and becomes soft, and then covered with plastic film, the temperature is low in early spring, and the plastic film plays the role of moisturizing and heat preservation, which is beneficial to the growth of mycelium. After the plastic film is covered, the pillars can be set up, the height of the frame is about 1.8 meters, and the mushroom frame should be firmly built to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. Reed should be cut down in early April. After 10 days of sowing, irregularly sample to check the germination and eating of bacteria, especially to check the bacteria in the fermentation ground, the normal growth of bacteria is white fluffy, if it is found that the massive bacteria turn black and have a bad smell, it is necessary to find out the cause and reseed in time to ensure the survival rate of bacteria and prevent rodent damage. 5. Dictyophora management ventilation: decompose the culture material in the process of mycelium growth, absorb oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide, or not periodically uncover the film for ventilation to make the air in the border bed fresh, otherwise, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the border bed is too high. Affect the normal growth of hyphae, ventilated for 1 day and then covered. Maintain humidity: Dictyophora is neither water-resistant nor drought-resistant, it is necessary to prevent stagnant water and lack of oxygen in ditches on rainy days, asphyxiation and death of hyphae, and prevent sunny and dry hyphae from shrinking. During the period of mycelial development, the inherent water content in the culture medium was enough for mycelial growth, but in the case of sunny weather, film mulching and so on, the moisture content of the substrate was reduced. In order to maintain 60% of the water content of the substrate and 25% of the water content of the covered soil, it is necessary to replenish water so that the clear border ditch can keep shallow water storage, but not higher than the bottom of the culture material, so as to prevent hyphae from suffocating and dying. Drain the ditch water on rainy days, keep the soil covered and ditch soil moist, combine with ventilation, lift the film to make the topsoil wet, and then cover the plastic film. Temperature control bacteria: continuous sunny temperature more than 25 ℃, through lifting, cover film to adjust the bed temperature, while ventilation to prevent burning bacteria. If the temperature is below 20 ℃, in addition to ventilation and heat preservation, it is also necessary to cover the plastic film against rain and heat preservation to facilitate mycelium growth and remove miscellaneous mushrooms at the same time. Mycelium growth stage generally do not easily turn over straw, cover soil, so as not to break the mycelium, destroy the mycelium and affect the growth of Dictyophora. 6. Management of mushroom emergence of Dictyophora in the budding stage, the site is mainly protected against rain and moisture, especially when the second batch of mushroom buds and soybeans are large, in case of heavy rainstorm, plastic film should be covered in time to prevent sunshade raindrops from damaging the growth of mycelium mushroom buds. Soil moisture is generally controlled to keep the covered soil and ditch soil moist, and it is appropriate to hold the soil by hand. Dictyophora border bed weeding: the border grass does not need to be cleared prematurely. When the middle finger mushroom bud or drought temperature is stable at 27 ℃, Roundup herbicide can be used to weed according to the multiple of the instructions. It is not suitable to manually pull out weeds to prevent the mycelium sealed topsoil from loosening and destroy the normal growth of the mycelium. Bamboo shoot shed shading: weeds turn green can shade, cover Reed (sunshade net), achieve the shading effect of "eight points of yin, two parts of sun", in order to facilitate the growth of Dictyophora. At the end of the first harvest, topdressing and killing insects can be carried out, and urea, edible fungus amino acids and pollution-free insecticides are used to spray at 3 p.m., sparse and spray frequently to prevent the liquid from burning buds. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Dictyophora: the main disease is mildew, which mainly occurs on the topsoil or parasitic straw on the surface of Dictyophora border. It turns red in the morning and gradually changes to black in the afternoon. It is a destructive disease, which makes the border bed culture material damp and black, the mycelium growth is blocked, and the mushroom buds are waterlogged and moldy. Measures: border grass should not be cleared prematurely, drain ditch water, reduce cover thickness, ventilation to reduce air humidity; carefully eradicate straw and topsoil, and make it away from mushroom shed, cut off the border bed at both ends to prevent spread; at the same time, use difenoconazole liquid to spray the affected parts for 3 days once a day; can also sprinkle ammonium bicarbonate at the occurrence site, cover with film soil for prevention and control. If there is a slug, it can be caught manually on a cloudy night. Post-disaster management of Dictyophora: drain the ditch water after the disaster, check the covered soil 3 days after flooding without mycelium, and the culture material becomes black, so you should plant rice, soybean or corn and other crops. If there is new mycelium growth in the yellow and covered soil, the rotten mushroom buds can be removed, the sand accumulated in the ditch and the silt deposited on the border bed can be removed, and the mixed solution of urea, edible fungus amino acid and insecticide can be used to control insect pests; cover the plastic film the next day to keep the soil moist and promote bacteria; thicken the Reed and rice straw to prevent drought. 7. Harvesting and baking of Dictyophora: Dictyophora should be harvested timely: due to the unstable temperature from May to June, it is early and late to pick mushrooms. The mushrooms will come out early and more early in the sunny day after the rain, and be harvested immediately when the mushroom bud breaks and the handle falls off the cover. The mushroom body should be clean and complete, harvest 2-3 times a day, peel off the cap fungus receptacle in time, pour it back into the baking sieve and let it grow naturally. Dictyophora baking: the oven is sealed around, the top is equipped with moisture discharge window, and the fan rate is 1.3 kilowatts per hour. When entering the oven, avoid bamboo shoot sticking to the sieve surface, first spread the gauze on the sieve, then divide the upper and lower layers according to the mushroom size, put the large ones on the lower layer and the small ones on the upper layer, arrange them neatly on the large baking screen and tie them with elastic straps to prevent them from being blown away by the wind during baking. In order to keep the appearance of Dictyophora neatly, full and white, it is necessary to use the method of secondary baking. Dictyophora dehumidification setting period: after Dictyophora enters the baking room, open the dehumidification window and bake it by fire. The initial temperature can be higher, between 60-68 ℃, quickly remove the evaporated water vapor, make its exhaust wet shape, if the exhaust is bad, the mushroom is easy to black shrink tube. However, due to the different thermal performance of each roasting room, the temperature requirements are different, so when you start to roast mushrooms, pay attention to grasp the appropriate temperature. Drying and fixing period of Dictyophora: when Dictyophora is dehydrated to 80% dry, take out the baking sieve, tie it neatly, then go back to the furnace and put it vertically and then dry and fix the color, close the moisture discharge window and make the hot air circulate in the drying room. At this time, the baking room will be kept for 50-55 ℃ for about 0.5 hours. To touch the dry humidity of Dictyophora irregularly, take it out and put it into a plastic bag, fasten the mouth of the bag to prevent moisture regain and discoloration, and store it in a cool and dry room for sale. 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