How to cultivate edible aloe?

How to cultivate edible aloe? Please introduce in detail that the edible part of aloe is a succulent leaf with juicy juice, which is rich in nutrients. there are mainly a large number of B vitamins, cellulose, healing hormones, 11 kinds of free amino acids, 21 kinds of organic acids, molybdenum, zinc, germanium, boron and other 18 kinds of trace elements, physiological activities and enzymes such as chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes, as well as fruit acids, polysaccharides, monosaccharides. And contains aloe tincture, aloe rice tincture, aloe Urxin and other antibacterial, anti-ulcer and other active ingredients, so the prospect of cultivating edible aloe is good, the planting method can refer to the following methods: aloe's requirements for temperature: aloe likes warmth and can withstand the high temperature of 40 ℃ It is not cold-tolerant and suffers frost damage when the temperature is 0 ℃. The ability of low temperature tolerance varies with different varieties, among which aloe vera is more cold-tolerant. Aloe's requirements for water: aloe has strong drought resistance and is afraid of stagnant water. it is easy to rot and die in wet soil, and it is easy to rot and die if it is watered too much. Aloe requirements for light: aloe likes light, but too much exposure will make aloe in a semi-dormant state or stop growth, especially in the seedling stage exposure will make the leaves purple or dry wrinkle. Aloe's requirements for soil: aloe is not strict on the soil and resistant to barren, but in the barren soil and in the clayey soil, the root system is underdeveloped, the growth is slow, and the plant is small. It grows fast in the sandy soil with loose and fertile, good drainage and irrigation water and rich in organic matter, the leaves are thick, the color is thick and green, the yield is good, and the optimum pH value is 6-6.5. Aloe sowing time: protected cultivation, spring and autumn can be sown. Aloe sowing method: raise seedlings in seedling pot or seedling bed. The bed soil is filled with clean river sand, or fully mixed with vermiculite, peat and perlite, then loaded into a seedling basin or leveled on the seedling bed, watered thoroughly, sowed, sowed or sowed, and covered with plastic film after sowing. Aloe seedling stage management method: from sowing to emergence, for example, when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, about 30 days later, the mulch should be removed in time. The seedling basin or bed soil can not be watered or sprayed until it is dry again. When the seedling height is about 2 cm, spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, depending on the seedling growth, apply a small amount. Seedling bed seedlings need to be divided, the overdense plants are divided into another species, the seedlings are divided when the height of the seedlings is about 3cm to 5cm, or according to 6cm to 8cm square, the seedlings are dug up from the roots and divided into another pseudo-planting bed, according to the false value of 6cm by 8cm. When the seedling is about 10cm high and has six leaves and one heart, it can be transplanted in a small flowerpot or planted in a greenhouse. The breeding methods of aloe vera select the varieties suitable for ramets and buds: Chinese aloe and Aloe barbadensis (also known as American aloe) have strong ramet ability; the basic plant strength of Aloe barbadensis (Japanese aloe) is slightly weaker than that of the above varieties, but its leaf axils can produce buds, followed by aloe vera, which rarely produces buds in its leaf axils. However, Cape aloe (that is, aloe vera or Cape of good hope) lacks the ability to produce ramets, tillers and buds, and seedlings are mainly propagated by tissue culture. The cultivation of ramets and buds: after the seedlings separated from the mother plant are fixed and rooted, they can give birth to new buds. After the mother plant of bud separation was cultivated for one year, one plant could produce more than 20-30 small buds or tiller buds. The survival rate of cutting with tiller buds can reach 100%, and it takes about a year and a half to grow from small seedlings to adult plants, with fast reproduction and low cost. The main contents are as follows: 1. The cultivation of the mother plant: the robust plant of more than half a year is planted in the mother nursery with fertile and loose soil, or a tile basin with a height of 20 cm and a width of 25 cm is used, and the basin soil is mixed with river sand and peat. Put horseshoe palm or dried livestock manure or sesame paste residue at the bottom of the basin as base fertilizer. The fertilizers and cultivated soil used had better be treated with aseptic and insect-free treatments and then planted. The depth of planting is 0.5 cm above the soil surface at the base of the lowest leaf of the plant. One to two months after the mother plant was planted, new plants were separated from the base and root groups one after another. for those who had not produced new buds for a long time, they could be raked with small teeth to relax the soil, and cut around the base of the stem with a knife at a certain distance, and then cultured with sand the next day, then tillering seedlings occurred one after another. 2. The selection of split seedlings: when the daughter plants grow from the roots to 5-10 cm, they can be pulled out and transplantable. Although the seedlings smaller than them can also be transplanted, their roots and growth are slow, so it is better to stay on the mother plant and grow up. The seedlings with roots grow faster and stronger than those without roots, so the seedlings with more than 5 cm are gently twisted by hand at an angle of about 90 degrees a week before they are pulled out, and sand is cultivated, or the culture soil near their roots is loosened to promote rooting. When taking root, hold the root of the seedling with your hand, pull it up with sudden force, and then plant it. Tillering seedlings from the stem base are often rootless, or need to be gently twisted by hand and then sand to promote rooting or hand cutting, and then planted after rooting. 3. Cutting period: indoor cutting can be carried out at any time. As long as the nursery bed temperature can be controlled between 15 and 28 ℃. 4. Substrate for cutting: clean river sand or mountain sand without fertilizer, sieve with 1 mm screen and use, or mix 2 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite and set aside. 5. Cutting method: after the rootless seedlings were separated from the mother plant, they were placed in a cool place. After the wound was slightly dried, the cuttings were placed for 0.5 days in summer and 2 days in spring and autumn. The row spacing of seedling bed cuttings is 6 cm 8 cm, and the depth of buried soil is 0.5 cm 1 cm. Do not bury the seedling heart into the substrate. 6. Management after cutting: after cutting, water is sprayed through the cuttings until they are no longer watered at the time of rooting, and the seedling bed can be covered with film to control temperature and humidity. The best temperature is 15: 28 ℃ and 75% humidity is 85%. The lowest is not less than 8 ℃ and the highest is not more than 35 ℃, otherwise rotten seedlings are easy to occur. When cutting in winter, the daytime greenhouse should be kept above 20 ℃, the night temperature should be above 5 ℃, and the hotline should be used to control the temperature if necessary. Summer cuttings should be moderately shaded by shading net, and groundwater spray should be used to cool down in high temperature period, which should be carried out in the morning and evening. 20-30 days after cutting, after the seedlings took root, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate could be sprayed twice. It can be planted in the nursery in about 2 months. Rootless tillering seedlings and seed buds should be coated with rooting element on the cutting surface before cutting, which can promote rooting. Field cultivation method of aloe vera: (1) the most basic condition of aloe cultivation is that aloe vera is a perennial plant that likes temperature, resists heat and fears cold because it is native to the tropics. Cultivation in North China must use a greenhouse with good light and high moisture retention, and the indoor temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃ in winter in order to survive the winter safely. If the room temperature is less than 5 ℃, there must be warming facilities. At present, the greenhouse structure of energy-saving solar greenhouse is more suitable, and the lowest temperature can reach more than 8 ℃ in winter in Beijing. (2) good drainage, fertile soil and loose sandy loam are selected for greenhouse planting. Border: based on the principle of convenient drainage and irrigation and no stagnant water on the ground, it is better to have a high border, which is generally 1 meter wide and 15 centimeters high, and the border ditch (also used as a roadway) is 35 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters wide. the border direction should be parallel to the direction of the greenhouse, that is, east-west direction. in this way, we can make full use of the spatial structure in the greenhouse, reduce mutual shading between plants, and facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Planting period of aloe vera in field: planting in greenhouse can be planted at any time except during the lowest temperature period. Field aloe planting method: 40 cm or 50 cm square. The planting density of different varieties is different, and the appropriate density can increase the initial yield, but when the plant grows up, it is too dense and can not get broad leaves, so we can adopt the method of close planting in the early stage and pulling out and transplanting in the middle period, with a width of 1 meter in 3 rows, the plant spacing is 20 cm, half a year or one year after planting, and when the plant height is 20 to 30 cm, pull out the middle row, leaving 2 rows and 2 rows according to the shape of the product. If one plant is dug up from another plant, the adult plant spacing will be 40 cm and the vertical row spacing will be 40 cm. The plants were dug up with soil and transplanted to another plot and planted according to 40 cm square. Fixed planting hole planting, the depth to the Miao Tuo surface and the soil surface flat, the most basal leaves to leave the soil surface, can not be buried by the soil. Pour enough water to fix the root after planting. Field aloe management: after planting and watering, do not water continuously before the new root grows. Generally, water is given about 5 days in summer when the temperature is higher, and  is given about 7 days  when the room temperature is lower in winter. Every time you water it, you should water it thoroughly. It is watered early and late in summer and around noon in winter. Aloe can not be topdressing, but proper topdressing can promote the growth of aloe and increase the thickness of leaves. It is mainly composed of rotten organic matter fertilizer and properly mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing can be applied in ditch, hole or irrigation, and the amount of fertilizer is determined according to plant size and growth period. Organic liquid fertilizer needs to be diluted 615 times, and the concentration of inorganic fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is less than 0.1%. After each watering or irrigation, the soil surface should be loosened or cultivated once when the soil surface dries. The lower leaves should also be cultivated after harvest to prevent lodging. After growing up, aloe vera has large upper weight and is easy to lodge, so it is necessary to set up a pillar to prevent lodging. Aloe disease and insect pest control methods: 1, insect pests: aloe almost no insect pests. In case of insect pests, such as aphids, red spiders, shell insects, cotton bollworm, etc., can be washed with clean water, or with botanical pesticides such as 0.5% veratrine pure solution 800-1000 times spray, the effect is very good. But the shell bug needs to be dipped in medicine with a brush. 2. Diseases: black spot is the main disease, which may occur in the environment of low temperature and high humidity. Its symptom is that in the initial stage of the pathogen invading the leaf, filamentous stains appear on the leaf surface, and then develop into nearly round black-brown spots, with radial edges and yellow halos around them. In the later stage of the disease, there are many black sore-like particles on the disease spots. In severe cases, purple to black stripes are produced, and the leaf epidermis is sunken. First of all, resistant varieties should be selected to prevent and cure the disease. among the varieties of aloe, aloe is the most resistant to black spot. To strengthen the field management, the minimum temperature of the greenhouse should not be lower than 8 ℃, and measures should be taken to increase the temperature when the room temperature decreases. Reduce water spraying during low winter temperatures, pay attention to ventilation, and increase light time as much as possible. The disease resistance of the plant can be enhanced by applying sufficient basal fertilizer and proper application of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% zinc, or 0.1% sodium tetraborate. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times, or 70% Dysen zinc wettable powder 800 times, or fungicides such as "Nongliling". However, spraying with liquid during the period of low temperature will increase the humidity of the greenhouse, so we should pay attention to strengthening ventilation and ventilation. For the greenhouse covered with plastic film, the plastic film should not be opened at the outer edge of the greenhouse during ventilation. The tuyere at the top of the greenhouse should be opened for ventilation during the highest temperature of the day. When the indoor humidity is high, it is appropriate to use fumigant fungicides or sulfur fumigation. The harvest method of aloe: the higher the leaf maturity of aloe is, the better the medicinal effect is. Generally, Aloe arborescens matures early and can be harvested in large quantities within 2 years of planting. Aloe vera and its strains, Chinese aloe and other varieties need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can fully grow and enrich. The initial harvest period is generally in the first year or a year and a half after planting, when the leaves of the lower layer of the aloe plant are smaller than those of the upper layer, the lower leaves can be harvested. The harvest of aloe leaves was carried out in the morning, and the leaf sheath was cut longitudinally from one side of the leaf sheath with a knife, holding the leaf firmly in one hand, and peeling the leaf with the leaf sheath in the other hand. In the peak growing season, it is harvested about every two months, picking from the bottom up, and each plant can harvest 2-3 leaves each time. There should be 8-9 tender leaves in the upper part. The harvested leaves should be neatly placed in wooden boxes or vegetable baskets and dealt with in time. After harvest, aloe leaves can be stored for a long time in 5-10 ℃ cold storage room. The leaves with incisions should be sealed with fresh-keeping film and can be preserved for more than 1 month. If the gum of the leaf becomes soft and discolored, it has gone bad. Aloe potted method: aloe is suitable for potted plants, large-scale planting in greenhouse or family (balcony, etc.). The main results are as follows: (1) 3 parts of basin soil, 5 parts of peat soil or pine leaf humus and 2 parts of rotten livestock manure were mixed and treated with "Bimeisu" or other disinfectants, and ferrous sulfate was used to mix the pH value of the cultivated soil at pH 66.5. make it weakly acidic. (2) when the seedlings are first planted in the upper basin, a tile basin with an inner diameter of 15cm and a height of about 15cm can be used. if a new basin is not used, it should be used after soaking in water and annealing, so as not to burn the roots of the seedlings when there is little water. For old pots that have been used for a long time, the old soil must be removed, washed and dried before use. When putting on the basin, it is best to put two layers of broken tiles (to facilitate drainage) on the water hole at the bottom of the basin, put a thicker layer of culture soil, and put a few pieces of horseshoe palm or dried manure after bubble fermentation, and then put into the culture soil, which is about 1 beat 3 or 1 hand 4 of the height of the basin, and then stand the seedlings in the center of the basin and sprinkle the culture soil evenly. When watering the fixed root water, gently lift the seedling up slightly, and pour the fixed root water thoroughly. When the water can flow out from the bottom of the basin, fill the soil and bury the root. Be careful not to bury the leaves. The basal leaves of the plant are slightly lower than the mouth of the basin. (3) when aloe vera has been turned over and changed for a long time, a lot of nutrients in the basin have been consumed, so it is necessary to replace most of the old culture soil of the original basin and add new culture soil and soak fermented horseshoe paw or sesame sauce residue. You'd better change the basin to a larger size. (4) the management method of potted aloe vera: watering: in the mild climate season, one water is given for about 5 days and one water for 3 days in the high temperature season; when the winter temperature is low, one water can be watered once a week or every more days. The principle of watering is that the topsoil is not watered until 1-2 days after drying, and each watering should be thoroughly watered until water seeps from the bottom of the basin. Fertilization: if the bottom fertilizer has been put on the basin, you can not topdressing it, and then add mature fertilizer when changing the basin. If you need topdressing, be sure to use rotten organic fertilizer, add phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, such as boric acid, or do foliar spraying, use 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar spraying should not be carried out in the hot sun. Anti-lodging: set up pillars in time to prevent lodging, especially after harvesting leaves, the plant is heavy and light, so it is easy to lodge. For other management, harvesting, storage and other items, see the greenhouse planting section. Click to get more Aloe Vera culture methods click to get more flower planting techniques