Tremella cultivation: what are the diseases and insect pests in Tremella cultivation?

What are the diseases and insect pests in Tremella cultivation? How to control the diseases and insect pests of Tremella fuciformis? Please give guidance to Tremella cultivation common diseases are Alternaria, green Trichoderma, white rot, Monascus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium; common pests of Tremella include mites, mushroom mosquitoes, nematodes; the following details of its harm and control methods. The main results are as follows: 1. The harm of Alternaria fuciformis: Alternaria alternata, also known as Alternaria alternata, is suitable for growth at 25-30 ℃, which often occurs on the culture medium or inoculation mouth of the bacterial bag after inoculation, and some also occur at both ends of the bag. In the early stage, the hyphae were white, gradually changed to light red, and then produced a large number of orange powdery spores. The temperature is high in summer and spreads very fast. Streptomyces mainly inhibits the growth of mycelium of Tremella fuciformis and destroys the nutrient components of the culture medium. The emergence rate of the bacterial bag infected by it decreases, the normal extension of the ear piece is affected, the flower shape is small, and the yield is low. 2. The harm of Alternaria fuciformis: Alternaria alternata is referred to as Green fungus, which is suitable to grow in the temperature of 15 ~ 30 ℃ and slightly acidic environment, and often occurs in the culture medium and fruiting body stage. In the early stage, the mycelium was white and gradually became light green and dark green, and the medium contaminated by it became black, smelly and soft, until it was scrapped. After the fruiting body is contaminated by green mold, it will gradually rot and lose its commodity value. 3. The harm of white rot fungus of Tremella fuciformis: the suitable growth temperature of white rot fungus is 15-25 ℃. This pathogen often invades from the inoculation mouth and forms tumor-like protrusions when the mycelium of Tremella fuciformis is physiologically mature. The hyphae were white and powdery in the early stage and gray in the later stage. Due to its harm, the culture medium became black. The incidence of spring and autumn is high every year, which mainly corrodes the primordium of Tremella fuciformis, resulting in the corruption of primordium and can not produce the ear. Others infect the ear piece and attach it to produce a layer of white powdery spores, which inhibit the growth of the ear piece and turn it into an opaque stiff ear. In addition, there are Monascus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium and so on, these molds will bring harm to production. Five methods to prevent mold damage of Tremella fuciformis: ① culture medium off. Raw materials should be exposed to the sun before use, and the water content should not exceed 60%. Atmospheric pressure sterilization is required to keep more than 100 ℃ for 20 hours. ② inoculation was off. Strict implementation of aseptic operation, vaccination to achieve "three disinfection": first, the empty room disinfection in advance: second, the material bag into the room again disinfection; third, inoculation through alcohol lamp flame disinfection. The mycelial development of ③ is related. The best temperature for mycelial development of Tremella fuciformis is 2528 ℃, no more than 30 ℃. The bacteria culture medium is required to be dry, and it is best to use power when heating the bacteria in winter; after inoculation, the bacteria bag can be kept warm with a quilt cover, and the bag should be opened after 3 days of ventilation. ④ ear management off. In the ear stage, attention should be paid to temperature control, humidity control, light control and oxygen increase to create good environmental conditions; moderate water spraying should be used in the fruiting body growth and development stage to prevent excessive humidity; especially in the young ear stage, water spraying should be less frequently. ⑤ Environmental Sanitation pass. The interior and surroundings of the mushroom house should be cleaned up to put an end to pollution sources. Second, the pest of Tremella fuciformis and its control methods 1. The harm of mites to Tremella fuciformis: also known as fungus lice, there are many species, there are two common mite and acaroid mites. The acaroid mites are small in size, difficult to see with the naked eye, multi-group integrated groups, showing brown color, while acaroid mites are slightly larger, white shiny and not agglomerated, with a large number of powdered mites. These mites are mainly brought into the mushroom room by cottonseed hull, wheat husk, bacteria and flies, or remain from the old mushroom house. Mites live on the mycelium of Tremella fuciformis, and the killed hyphae can not germinate. If mites occur in the ear stage, it will cause rotten ears or ear piece deformities. Mite control methods: ① mushroom room should be far away from the material room, the surrounding environment should be cleaned. Before ② bacteria bag enters the room, thoroughly disinfect the empty room, you can use aerosol disinfection box, add water to mix into disinfectant, spray around. When mites occur in ③, broad-spectrum and low-toxic pesticides such as trimethoprim can be used to spray the injured area according to the prescribed dosage. However, it should be noted that the use of pesticides is prohibited during the fruiting body growth stage. 2. The harm of mushroom mosquitoes to Tremella: also known as eye mosquitoes, the larvae are white, nearly transparent, as small as hair, white, shiny, and turn into black-brown mushroom mosquitoes with wings in 3 to 5 days. Often occurs in the ear stage of Tremella fuciformis after hole expansion, sneaks into the wetter part, harms the hyphae, and rotten ears occur after injury. Prevention and control measures: ① to maintain good environmental hygiene, mushroom doors and windows and vents equipped with screen windows. ② uses black light to trap or put 0.1% dichlorvos insecticide in half a washbasin under the light of a mushroom room. ③ smokes with mosquito repellent incense or sanitary pill powder. 3. The harm of nematode to Tremella fuciformis: pink, it is a kind of linear worm, its size is very small and its length is only about 1mm. It propagates quickly in the mushroom house, and the larvae mature and regenerate in 2-3 days. Nematodes are mainly brought into the mushroom room by culture materials and water sources. In the case of dampness and lack of ventilation, a large number of Tremella fuciformis were damaged by nematodes, resulting in rotten ears. Prevention and control methods: the culture materials should be sterilized thoroughly, the water source should be tested, and the mushroom room should be strictly disinfected in advance. Spray water should not be too wet, and pay attention to ventilation. If nematodes occur when ear buds appear, use 0.5% lime water or 1% salt water, spray several times in cool days, and sprinkle lime powder on the floor of the mushroom room to disinfect. Click to get more cultivation techniques of Tremella fuciformis