Video pictures of lotus root planting techniques

Lotus root belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. Lotus root is slightly sweet and crisp, can be eaten raw or cooked, is one of the commonly used dishes. Lotus root is also a plant with high medicinal value, its roots, leaves, flowers and fruits are all treasures, which can be nourished and used as medicine. The powder made from lotus root can relieve diarrhea, appetizer, clear heat, nourish and prevent internal bleeding. it is a good liquid food and nourishing Jiazhen for women, children, women, weak and sick people. Lotus root originated in India and was later introduced into China. At present, it has been planted in many places in China. Lotus root nutrition: the lotus root contains high vitamin C (40-50 mg per 100 grams), polyphenols and peroxidase, which can clean up the "garbage" in the human body. Lotus root is rich in high-quality protein (about 2%), whose amino acid composition is close to human needs and has high biological value. In addition, lotus root is also rich in dietary fiber (about 2%) and high in calcium and phosphorus (89 mg of calcium and 285 mg of phosphorus). The lotus root has a high content of iron, and regular eating can prevent iron deficiency anemia. Rich in vitamin C and dietary fiber, it is beneficial to liver disease, constipation, diabetes and other debilitating diseases. The tannic acid has the effect of vasoconstriction and hemostasis, and is very suitable for congestion, hematemesis, hemoptysis, urine, hematochezia, parturients and hemophiliacs. It can relieve heat and heat, and it is a good food for dispelling heat. The difference between deep water lotus root and shallow water lotus root: according to the adaptability of lotus root to water level, it can be divided into two ecological types: shallow water lotus root and deep water lotus root. Shallow lotus root is suitable for water level of 10-20 cm, and the maximum water-resistant depth is 30-50 cm. Deep-water lotus root is suitable for water level of 30-50 cm, and the maximum water-resistant depth is 1-1.2 m. The general principle of shallow lotus root water layer management is: front shallow, middle deep, back shallow. During the sprouting period from planting lotus root to the emergence of standing leaves, shallow water should be kept in order to increase soil temperature and promote germination. Generally speaking, it is better to keep the water layer 4-7 cm deep. With the emergence of standing leaves, the growth of lotus root stems and leaves gradually flourish, and the water layer should gradually rise to 12-15 cm. When the terminating leaf appears, it indicates that the lotus root begins to form, and the water layer should be gradually reduced to 4-7 cm to promote lotus root formation. The water level of deep-water lotus root is not easy to adjust, mainly to prevent flooding in the flood season, especially after the standing leaves are submerged, emergency drainage should be made within 8 hours to make the lotus leaves out of the water to prevent drowning. Seed selection and sprouting of lotus root: select improved varieties: select shallow lotus root varieties with no injury and disease, good seed character, large individual, complete head, complete tail tip, complete terminal bud and lateral bud, thick and plump lotus root node, precocious and high yield, and strive for uniform size. Treatment of seed lotus root: choose the main lotus root with strong buds, 2-3 nodes and weight of more than 0.5 kg as seed lotus root, or choose large seed lotus root as seed lotus root. Plant lotus root as early as possible after digging up, and the seed consumption per mu is 300-400 kg. Before planting, the seed lotus root was sprayed with 800-fold solution of 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder for 24 hours, and the solution was basically dry and planted. Sprouting: plant lotus root in a pile, about 1 meter high, and cover it with dried straw around the pile. Often sprinkle water on the lotus root to maintain a certain temperature and humidity in the pile. When the lotus root grows terminal bud, choose sunny morning to plant. Timely planting of lotus root: planted in the first and middle of April, it can be directly seeded in lotus root field according to 1.3 × 1.7 m plant spacing, 150kg / mu. When planting, the lotus root head should be outward, downward, slightly tilted, buried in the soil 3-4 cm deep. Can be planted in strips and ponds. Planting lotus root generally requires digging, choosing and planting. Maintain 3-5 cm water layer in the field after planting, gradually deepen the water layer to 20-30 cm after the emergence of standing leaves, and gradually fall back to 15-20 cm when the leaves appear. Weeding in lotus root field: the lotus root field is dominated by submerged weeds. Before the Qingming Festival, 50% Pocaojing wettable powder was used for soil closure treatment with 80-100 grams of water per mu, and the dosage was well controlled. The lotus root fields, which are mainly composed of Monocotyledon weeds such as Fructus Artemisia, Fructus Magnoliae, Reed and so on, were sprayed with 12.5% herbaceous energy EC 40-60 ml plus water spray in late April. After chemical weeding, there are still weeds in the field, which can be pulled out manually. Lotus root field management: 1. Weeding and picking leaves and flowers: about a month after planting, the withered leaves are removed when the floating leaves are withering. Before sealing lotus leaves, combined with topdressing and weeding, you should walk on both sides of rolled leaves when weeding. Lotus root bud or flowering, to consume a lot of nutrients, but after picking off Rain Water drenched and easy to lead to rotten lotus root, often bend the flower branches but not cut off. 2. Topdressing three times: the first standing leaf fertilizer: when 3 or 5 standing leaves appeared in the field, 25kg / mu applied high nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer; the second time, 30kg / mu high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer was applied in full field leaves; the third lotus root fertilizer: 15kg / mu of high potassium compound fertilizer or 10kg / mu of pure potassium fertilizer was applied when terminating leaves appeared. 3. Adjust the water level: from planting to sprouting, irrigation with shallow water is about 5cm / 10cm, in order to increase the soil temperature and facilitate seedling emergence; with the growth of standing leaves and branches, the water layer is gradually deepened to 15cm / 20cm; shallow water should be irrigated at lotus root stage and before harvest. 4. Straighten out the lotus root head: the lotus root vine grows rapidly around in June, and it is necessary to manage the vine artificially. Dig up the mud and pull up the lotus root vine at noon, then turn the head to the blank ground and bury it in the soil. Lotus root disease: a common disease of lotus leaves with brown spots on the leaves, causing local dryness of the diseased leaves. Prevention and treatment: reasonable close planting to ensure ventilation and light in the lotus root field; appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve plant resistance and timely removal of diseased plant residues. Spray 25% carbendazim 600x solution or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. The black spot of lotus root, also known as brown spot, occurs only on the leaves. When the disease spots converge, the leaves are withered and yellow. Control: thoroughly remove the diseased and residual leaves in the field in winter and burn them centrally. At the initial stage of the disease, the diseased leaves were removed and sprayed for prevention and treatment. Commonly used 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution, or 65% Dysen zinc 600 times solution, or 1 lug 1lux 160mur200 times Bordeaux solution, sprayed once every 10 mi 15 days, a total of 2 Mel 3 times. Lotus root rot disease, also known as Fusarium wilt, infects the underground stem and causes rot. In serious cases, the whole field is withered and yellow, like burning. Prevention and treatment: seriously diseased fields should be rotated for 2-3 years. Commonly used 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution spray suffocation, cover agricultural film sealed for 24 hours, dry after planting. Turn the lotus root field deeply and apply 150 kilograms of lime per mu. When you get sick, you can mix 0.5 kg of 75% chlorothalonil and 30 kg of dry soil and sprinkle it into the shallow paddy field. Symptoms can be seen on lotus leaves and underground rhizomes after the damage of lotus root stripe virus disease, with large polygonal to irregular light brown spots on the leaves and dark brown anthrax spots on the rhizome epidermis. Prevention and treatment: select disease-resistant varieties, timely control aphids (transmission vector), spray 1.5% Zhishanling emulsion 1000 times at the initial stage of the disease. Lotus leaf Fusarium wilt suffers from scorched yellow and wilted lotus leaves, which affects the growth of lotus root and reduces yield. Prevention and control: keep the lotus root field clean and prevent oil pollution. Sewage and soapy water can also cause lotus leaves to wither and die. Lotus root is very sensitive to herbicides, and herbicides should never be applied in lotus root fields. Lotus root pests: there are aphids, big coir moth, pear green moth, brown moth, harmful to standing leaves and buds. It can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 800ml 1000 times or 40% dimethoate 2000 times. Water maggots suck the juice from the roots, stems and leaves of lotus roots, causing lotus leaves to turn yellow. once found, they can be killed with lime at a dosage of 10 Mu and 15 kg per mu. Lotus root topdressing: lotus root likes fertilizer, fertilizer is generally based on base fertilizer, topdressing only accounts for 30% of the whole growth period, planting close harvest early to apply more fertilizer. After the discharge of lotus root, the lotus root was fertilized twice, and for the first time, when 6-7 lotus leaves were born, 1000~1500kg was applied in feces and urine every 667m2. For the second time, the fertilizer of promoting lotus root was applied at the beginning of lotus root formation, and 1500~2000kg was applied in human feces and urine every 667m2. Fertilization should be in sunny and windless weather, not in the hot sun, each fertilization should be applied in the shallow paddy field, when the fertilizer is absorbed into the soil, and then irrigated to the original depth, the lotus leaves should be washed clean after topdressing. Lotus root harvest: pick lotus leaves and dig lotus roots in the morning to pick part of the leaves and dry them as packaging materials. The method of picking and drying leaves: just squeeze the lotus leaves between the leaves and the stem lotus with your fingers, take them off, fold them outward, and fold them inward after one day, then fold them inward on the second day, then fold them one by one against the navel, dry and store them. The supply period of digging lotus root is very long, shallow dry lotus root harvested in front of the Beginning of Autumn is tender lotus root, the Beginning of Autumn to the End of Heat dig sweet lotus root, after Cold Dew, the water temperature is too low to dig lotus root. Deep-water lotus root field with lotus root hook, you can properly discharge water, dig lotus root under the mud first hollowed out, and then slowly drag the whole lotus root back. Lotus root storage: the lotus root skin is thin and tender, the protective layer is weak, easy to damage, coupled with the rapid decomposition of pectin substances, slightly longer exposure time in the air, the epidermis is easy to turn into lavender, and then change to rust color, seriously affecting the commodity and edible value. Therefore, in addition to fully mature, slightly attached soil, intact lotus root nodes, injury-free and disease-free storage, we should also maintain high humidity and a temperature of 5: 10 ℃ during storage. There are four commonly used storage methods: (1) soil burying: lotus roots are buried indoors or in the open field immediately after harvest. When buried indoors, first use bricks or crates, planks and other enclosures to form a burial pit. Then, a layer of soil, a layer of lotus root, a total of 5-6 layers, and then covered with a layer of fine mud, 10 cm thick. The mud used for storage should be soft and damp, and the hands cannot be pinched together. When storing on the cement floor, the bottom of the pit is first covered with a wooden board or bamboo frame for 10 centimeters to form a separate bottom. Then, lay a layer of fine soil, 10 cm thick, and then put a layer of lotus root, a layer of mud and a layer of lotus root. This is not only conducive to the respiration of lotus root, but also prevent the damage of harmful microorganisms. When burying in the outdoor open ground, you should choose a place with high topography and shading behind the sun, accumulate mud and lotus root into slopes or pagodas, cover them strictly with mud, and dig drainage ditches around to prevent stagnant water. Cover the soil in time on rainy days to prevent the soil from being washed away. During the storage period, the pile is checked every 20 days to remove the diseased and rotten ones, so that they can be preserved for 30 days. (2) Film tent storage: immediately after the lotus root is dug out, it is sealed in the film account. After storage, the carbon dioxide content and air humidity in the account increase due to the respiration and transpiration of lotus root, so the account should be opened every other day. In this way, after 50 days, the natural loss is only 2.5%. After more than 76 days, the decay rate increased and the dehydration phenomenon was more serious, so it was not suitable for further storage. (3) simple storage: put the lotus root indoors or in the shade shed to form a rectangular flat pile, about 80 cm high, covered with water straw or clean wet straw, often sprinkle water, keep moist, to prevent freezing or fever and dry shrinkage. This method is limited to short-term storage. (4) Water storage method: after the lotus root is dug out, wash it a little and put it into a bag every 70 kilograms or so, put it in water with a depth of more than 1 meter and a lower temperature, so that the bag is not covered with soil or above, and is covered with a layer of water plants, 6cm thick and 10cm thick, to prevent direct sunlight. In this way, even if it freezes, it will only freeze a layer of water plants, and the lotus root bags will not be frozen and can be taken out and sold at any time. The reason why lotus roots grow only leaves but not lotus roots