Video pictures of cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Zou global mushroom, wine ball cover mushroom, Zou ball cover mushroom, is one of the new mushroom species of rare edible fungi recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to developing countries. The mushroom is rich in nutrition, delicate meat, crisp handle and good taste. Dried mushroom fragrance, comparable to Lentinus edodes, quite favored by consumers. Biological characteristics: 1. Nutrition: nutrients are mainly carbon source, nitrogen source, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and glucose, sucrose. Mycelium growth needs a certain amount of peptone, inorganic nitrogen and trace inorganic salts; fruiting body growth needs trace elements in soil, and it is difficult to form fruiting body without soil. 2. Temperature: the temperature range of mycelium growth was 5: 34 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 25 ±2 ℃. The mycelium grew slowly below 12 ℃, stopped growing and died easily when it exceeded 35 ℃. The temperature for the formation and development of primordia and fruiting bodies is 4: 30 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 14: 25 ℃. It is difficult for fruiting bodies to form and grow at temperatures below 4 ℃ and above 30 ℃. 3. Moisture: the water content of mycelium growth medium is 65% and 70%. The primordium differentiates the air relative humidity between 85% and 95%. 4. Air: mycelial growth does not require high oxygen, and the concentration of CO2 is not more than 2%. Sufficient oxygen is required in the growth and development stage of fruiting body, and CO2 is too high when oxygen is insufficient, so it is easy to form deformed mushrooms. When mushrooms are produced, they should be ventilated for 2 to 3 hours a day. 5. Light: there is no light in the mycelium growth stage, and 100 ~ 500xl light is required for the fruit body growth. Scattering sunlight can promote the fruit body to be strong and improve the quality. 6. Acidity and alkalinity: Pleurotus ostreatus is suitable for growing in slightly acidic environment. The mycelium of pH4~9 could grow in both culture medium and soil, but pH5~5.6 was suitable. The suitable medium for mycelial growth was 5.5-5.6, the suitable medium pH for fruiting body growth was 5-6, and the pH value of soil-covering material was 5.5-6. Second, the selection of cultivation site: Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated indoors and outdoors, and there is no significant difference in yield. The cultivation of forgotten land is selected indoors, and the cultivation field of winter idle field, lai garden and orchard can be used outdoors. Cultivation land requirements are acidic, fertile, with humus soil, orchard soil requires sufficient sunshine, good drainage, shading rate requires the environment of three yang, seven yin or two yang and eight yin. Before sowing, loosen the soil to make it mature and loose, and then use pesticides and fungicides to kill insects and sterilization. If there are white ants and earthworms in Lei Feng, the ant control medicine and tea seed cake powder should be sprinkled at the bottom of the border. 3. The arrangement of cultivation season: the general temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is 8: 30 ℃, the optimum temperature is 15: 26 ℃, and the suitable temperature for mushroom emergence is 15: 26 ℃. It is appropriate for our province to sow seeds in mid-August and mid-February and begin to produce mushrooms in early October and mid-April. Under normal circumstances, it takes 3 to 4 months from sowing to the end of mushroom harvest. Fourth, the selection preparation and treatment of culture materials: the quality culture materials of Pleurotus ostreatus can be used locally according to different regions. Cultivation materials are required to be fresh, dry, mildew-free and non-rotten. Formula: dry and pure rice straw 100%; dry and pure wheat straw 100%; soybean straw 50%; corn straw 50%; dry rice straw 80%, dry sawdust 20%; dry rice straw 40%, grain husk 40%, sawdust 20%. 5. Sowing method: indoor planting should first cover the ground with a layer of 4~5cm thick humus soil to make the border into a turtle back-shaped bed with a height of 1.3m and an unlimited length. For pedestrian ditches where 40cm is left between the beds, the soil should be sprayed first and then laid. When laying the material, the first layer of material thickness 8~10cm, and then sow 50%, the third layer of material is laid into 4~5cm, dry material 25kg/m2, material thickness 20~25cm, using 2 to 4 bottles of bacteria using hole sowing method, sowing the seed surface with film, moisturizing and seedling, and pay attention to setting off ventilation several times a day. Sixth, scientific management: the vitality of the primary mycelium is weak, so we should pay attention to three points: first, we cannot use aging bacteria, and the bacterial age is suitable; second, the water content of the culture material should be appropriate, between 70% and 75%; and third, the temperature should be normal and avoid high temperature as far as possible. After sowing in the high temperature season, observe the temperature change of the stack every day. When the feed temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the film should be uncovered and ventilated, and cold water should be sprayed on the border to cool down. The temperature should be controlled in the appropriate range required by the hyphae. The dry surface of the border should be moisturized by spraying water, and the water requirement shall prevail. The temperature is below 10% and the film should be covered on rainy days. At normal temperature, the hyphae began to germinate in 4-5 days, and after 30-35 days, the hyphae began to penetrate 2 / 3 and began to cover the soil. The covering material uses humus soil (forest topsoil or acidic bamboo waste soil), the soil water content is maintained at 20%, and the total thickness of the covered soil is 3~5cm. The hyphae can be seen climbing onto the soil surface 15-20 days after covering, and the ventilation rate should be increased at this time. After all the hyphae passed through the soil surface, the film was opened to stop spraying water to reduce moisture, and after the hyphae on the border surface was lodged, the hyphae in the soil layer began to form bundles and twisted a large number of white fruiting body primordies. during this period, attention should be paid to the temperature of the border soil to expand the small primordia to form small bacterial eggs and keep the air relative humidity at 85% 95%. Spray water to master less spray frequently, topsoil distribution of water on the line. It usually takes 5 ~ 10 days for Pleurotus ostreatus to mature from small egg to mature stage. 7. Harvest and processing: mature Pleurotus ostreatus should be harvested when a layer of fertilizer film outside the cover is just broken and the cover cannot be opened. When picking mushrooms, grasp the fungus foot with your fingers and turn it gently, then use the other hand to press the substrate up and pull it up, except for removing the fungus foot with soil, you can go on the market. It can also be frozen and processed. After picking a batch of mushrooms, you should replenish the water content and then raise the bacteria to produce mushrooms. After 10-12 days, the second tide mushroom began to emerge, and the management method was the same as the first tide mushroom, and 2-4 batches of mushroom could be collected continuously. Click to get more planting techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus