Eggplant planting: video pictures of eggplant cultivation techniques

Eggplant is a typical vegetable, which can be used in various ways according to different varieties. Eggplant is of high value for the rehabilitation of diseases, and the optimum temperature for eggplant growth is 20 ℃ and 30 min, which can be planted all the year round in the south. Therefore, the farming network has sorted out the eggplant planting technology and video, which are listed in detail below for netizens' reference. Step 1. Select excellent eggplant species: at present, the eggplant varieties suitable for planting in Guangdong are mainly resistant to green and disease, heat and Rain Water, purplish red skin, white pulp and long stick shape. The varieties with fruit length of about 30 cm are Hongfeng, Changfeng, Zaofeng, Nongyou Chang eggplant, Guilin Changcheng eggplant, and those with fruit length of about 25 cm are Yueqie No. 2, Yuefeng and stele red eggplant. Among them, Hongfeng fruit is grown, uniform and beautiful in appearance. Yueqie No. 2 is a variety with high resistance to bacterial wilt and Verticillium wilt; Yuefeng and Shijie red eggplant has good dark gloss; Guilin long eggplant has high yield and disease resistance, but its pulp is blue. Step 2, soil treatment of eggplant field: eggplant seedbed and planting land should be selected as plots of non-eggplant crops, preferably paddy fields, deep ploughing and exposure, with a height of more than 30 centimeters. The border is wide and covers ditches, with 1.7 meters in double rows and 1 meters in single rows. The seedbed was sprayed with 500 times pentachloronitrobenzene or dichlorvos 500 times and 800 times dichlorvos 10 days before sowing and disinfected with film covering. Step 3, the base fertilizer of eggplant: the eggplant planting site should apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, 1000 kilograms of mature pig, cow and chicken manure, 80 kilograms of peanut bran, 50 kilograms of superphosphate and 80 kilograms of lime should be applied per mu. Two days before sowing, 20 kg of fully rotten fine farm manure plus compound fertilizer per mu was used as base fertilizer and fully mixed with topsoil. Step 4, the time of sowing and transplanting of eggplant: the suitable sowing time of general spring eggplant is from late October to November, and the seedling stage is 60 ~ 70 days. The suitable sowing period of Kandelia Candel is from June to July, and the seedling stage is 25ml for 30 days. Anti-season cultivation in cold areas can be sowed from March to April and transplanted in May. Generally, the amount of seed used per mu is 15ml and 20g. Step 5, eggplant seedlings: disinfect the seeds and break dormancy before sowing. The disinfection method is as follows: soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, then rinse the seeds with clean water for about 30 minutes, so that the surface of the seeds is clean and mucus-free, or soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 30 minutes. The method to break dormancy is to mix 1 gram of gibberellin (92 ○) with 2 kg of water into a solution, soak the seeds in this solution for 5 hours, rinse with clean water for 10 minutes, drain, and sow. The soil should be dry when sowing. In order to sow evenly, you can mix the seeds with dry sand or dry fire. After sowing, cover the soil with dry sand or dry fire, with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. The temperature of spring sowing is low, after sowing, the film arch shed is used to keep warm; in summer and autumn, black net yarn is used to cool down, so that the temperature in the shed is 15 ℃ and 20 min, and keep the soil moist. Check regularly after sowing, remove weeds, and spray every 10 days after emergence. When the seedlings grow 3 true leaves, move the overdense seedlings to places where the seedlings are sparse or have no seedlings to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings. 6Mel 7 true leaves can be planted, and the thin film or arch shed will be opened to refine the seedlings 7 days before planting. Step 6, the planting of eggplant: the row spacing of double-row planting is 50 mi 60 cm, the plant spacing is 50 cm, and 1000 Mu 1200 plants are planted per mu. The plant spacing of single-row planting is 40 cm and 800 plants are planted per mu. After planting, the roots should be drenched with water, and after a week of slow seedling, a small amount of water and fertilizer can be applied. At the same time, attention should be paid to check the harm of the ground tiger and the occurrence of blight, and replenish the seedlings in time. Step 7, the pruning of eggplant: when the eggplant begins to cultivate the soil when the flower bud appears, and after the cultivation, the first flower (root eggplant flower) on the main stem should be removed, except for the first side branch below the root eggplant, all the other side branches in the lower part of the main stem are removed. For the varieties of large fruit type, the upper branches can also be removed except for leaving one branch under each inflorescence. If the growth is too luxuriant or the cultivation is too dense, some leaves should be removed to ensure that the fruit grows normally and the color is fresh and tender. Step 8, fertilizer and water management of eggplant: eggplant has developed root system and vigorous growth. Higher requirements for fertilizer and water, fertilizer tolerance, drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Less nitrogen fertilizer is applied before fruit setting, and topdressing is heavy after fruit setting. Compound fertilizer + urea 50kg / mu, peanut bran 25kg / mu, calcium superphosphate + potassium chloride 50kg / mu were applied between two plants. Topdressing is generally applied every 7 days, and it can also be applied once for each harvest, with 40 kg compound fertilizer and 20 kg potassium chloride per mu each time, or human and animal feces and urine, and foliar fertilizer such as 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after fruit sitting, which can promote the thick green leaf color, improve the fruit quality, prolong the harvest period and increase the yield. Step 9, thinning flowers and fruits of eggplant: because eggplant has two kinds of main flowers and secondary flowers, the secondary flowers must be removed to ensure the fruit of the main flowers, so as to concentrate the use of nutrients and increase the weight of single fruit. If you don't have time to remove the secondary flowers, you should remove the fruit of the secondary flowers in time. Step 10, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of eggplant: common diseases of eggplant are: bacterial wilt, cotton blight, Verticillium wilt, brown stripe, bacterial wilt, quenching disease, sclerotiorum disease, early blight and so on. The main insect pests are red spider, tea yellow mite, eggplant yellow spot borer and so on. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, attention must be paid to pest control, crop rotation can reduce damage, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reasonably close planting, timely eliminate stagnant water, reduce field humidity, remove diseased leaves and fruits in time, and apply lime at the point of disease. to prevent the spread of the disease. Eggplant wilt diseases such as Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, root rot and bacterial wilt should be controlled in time. Verticillium wilt usually begins to show symptoms after fruit setting and develops from the bottom up or from one side to the whole plant. The leaf initially yellowed at the leaf margin and veins, then developed to the half and the whole leaf turned yellow. In the later stage, the diseased leaves changed from yellow to brown, and finally drooped and fell off. Fusarium wilt occurs from seedling stage to adult harvest stage. The leaves of diseased plants turn yellow and wither from bottom to top. Root rot disease mostly occurs after planting, the leaves wilt during the day at the first onset, and can recover sooner or later, and the leaves turn yellow and dry after repeated for many days. At the initial stage of the onset of bacterial wilt, only one or more leaves on individual branches became lighter, showed local drooping, then extended to the whole plant, and finally turned brown. These are all soil-borne diseases. Chemical control: eggplant verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt and root rot can be irrigated with 40% wettable powder 1000-fold liquid or carbendazim 50% wettable powder in the early stage of eggplant verticillium wilt, and Ralstonia solanacearum is irrigated with Jiadanin or ammonia copper or Qingkujing. Eggplant cotton blight is favorable for epidemic in high temperature and high humidity, continuous cropping land and low-lying waterlogged land, which mainly harms the fruit and causes a large number of rotten fruit. at the initial stage of the disease, the disease spot is waterlogged and round, and rapidly extends to the whole fruit. The disease spot is brown or dark brown, gradually shrinks and softens, and when the humidity is high, the disease is covered with woolly white hyphae, and finally the diseased fruit rotts or becomes a stiff fruit. Drug control: at the initial stage of the disease, you can choose 25% metalaxyl 800 times solution, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution, or Prik 700 times solution, sprayed every 7 days, 3 times in a row for 4 times. Eggplant brown streak is easy to occur under the condition of high temperature and high humidity. in the field, the disease starts from the bottom leaves, produces pale water-stained spots at the initial stage, and then turns to brown round spots. In the later stage, the disease spot became irregular, the edge was dark brown, and the disease spot was connected for a long time, ruptured and perforated, and finally the leaves withered and died. The disease spot of the fruit is round or oval, the disease part is slightly sunken, brown, and concentric wheel lines appear. The inside of the diseased fruit is spongy rotten. The disease spot can further expand to the whole fruit, often causing fruit drop. Drug control: choose 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid, or 701% mancozeb 500 times liquid, or 70% methyl topiramate 800 times liquid spray, spray once every 7 days, 3 times 4 times in a row. How to improve the Fruit setting rate of eggplant the reason of Flower and Fruit drop of eggplant