Papaya tree cultivation: how to grow papaya?

How to grow papaya? Please introduce in detail the planting methods to plant papaya trees can refer to the following techniques: 1. Select excellent papaya varieties: suitable for local varieties are Yizhou papaya, poinsettia papaya and so on, and can pollinate each other. 2. The calibration method of papaya tree: the loam or sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer, good drainage, neutral or slightly alkaline should be selected. The row spacing is 2.5 m × 4 m. Before planting, dig a planting hole with a length of 1 meter, a width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters, and apply 10 kg mature organic fertilizer to each hole. Before planting, the improved varieties and strong seedlings of 2-3 years old can be planted in spring or autumn, and before the seedlings sprout in spring, and before the fallen leaves of the trees are planted in autumn, the roots of the trees are easy to heal, the survival rate is high, and the growth is good. The grafted seedlings are more than 1.2 meters high, the grafting site is more than 1 cm thick, and the interface healing is good. It is required that the root system is intact, the planting depth should be level with the ground after planting and watering, and 1 square meter of plastic film should be covered on the tree plate. 3. Fertilizer and water management of papaya trees: base fertilizer was applied to orchards in late September, mainly stable manure, human manure and urine, mixed with available N fertilizer, 15-30 kg per young tree and 30-50 kg per big tree. Topdressing of papaya trees: before sprouting (from late March to early April), 130 grams of urea and 400 grams of ternary compound fertilizer were applied in each plant. The mixture of 0.3% urea, 1% calcium superphosphate and 0.3% potassium sulfate was sprayed once 2 weeks before anthesis to promote fruit cell division; 0.2% boric acid or 0.3% borax was sprayed at full flowering stage, which was beneficial to fruit setting. In the middle and last ten days of May, 100-250 grams of urea were applied to each fruiting tree, which could be applied in ring or furrow. After the fruit was harvested, the compound fertilizer dominated by nitrogen fertilizer was applied, 0.5 kg per plant. Water management of papaya tree: generally irrigate once before and after flower bud germination, fruit expansion period and new shoot growth period, appropriate irrigation, combined with basic fertilizer irrigation before winter, while papaya is afraid of waterlogging and should be drained in time. 4. Pruning of papaya trees: the height of the natural round head is 70-80 cm, and 3-4 new shoots are left as the main branches. the main branches should be arranged in 3-4 different directions, and each main branch should have a distance of 10-20 cm. There are 2-3 lateral branches on the main branch, and the lateral side of the lateral branch is divided into small lateral branches or fruiting mother branches and branches. Papaya tree sprouting: timely wipe off the buds below the plastic belt, as well as the upright buds on the back of the main branches and the competitive branches on the extended branches. Papaya tree heart: the main branch lengthens to 50-60 cm when the heart is picked to promote the secondary branch, cultivate the main branch. The growth of other parts is strong, the upright overlaps with the main branches, and the new shoots that cross grow to 20 cm to promote secondary shoots. Pull branches: generally at the end of August and the beginning of September, the branches that are not reserved as main branches are flattened and reserved as auxiliary branches. Winter pruning method of papaya trees: for the purpose of shaping and expanding the crown, the young papaya trees should cut short the branches reserved as main branches in the first winter, leaving 30-40 cm, and the young trees are mainly light pruning, mainly to remove dense branches, competitive branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, and to cut short the branches with space, leaving 20-30 cm. When they grow to 40 cm in the next year, they should be coring in time to form a fruiting branch group. 5. Flower and fruit management methods of papaya trees: in order to obtain high and stable yield, suitable pollination trees are needed when the garden is built. The ratio of main varieties to pollinated varieties is 4:1, and poor management of papaya will lead to years, so attention should be paid to flower and fruit management. Flowering period should be thinning flowers and fruits. In the big year, flower and fruit thinning is particularly important. When fruit thinning, we should first remove the branch head fruit, deformed fruit, cross fruit, generally choose the basic fruit and middle fruit of the branch, fruit spacing of about 20 cm, in order to ensure large fruit, high yield and stable yield. 6. Pest control of papaya trees: there are few diseases of papaya, mainly insect pests, such as aphids, papaya borer, red spiders and so on. Aphids and other pests can be sprayed with 5000-6000 times imidacloprid in May, once in 15 days, 2-3 times in a row. Or in mid-June, late July with peach Xiaoling or peach small net 1500-2000 times to control papaya borer. The control of red spiders can be carried out with 2000 times bromicide. Fertilization methods of papaya prevention and control of papaya virus disease