How to cultivate Flammulina velutipes?

How to cultivate Flammulina velutipes? Ask experienced netizens to help introduce the detailed steps. Flammulina velutipes can be divided into three categories according to color: yellow species, light color species and white species. Flammulina velutipes, a kind of Flammulina velutipes, has pure white body and strong cold resistance. It can produce mushrooms below 15 ℃, and the best quality is below 10 ℃. Flammulina velutipes is suitable for production in solar greenhouse in winter and spring in the north, and is mainly supplied to the market in winter and spring. Therefore, the farming network has sorted out the cultivation steps of Flammulina velutipes, which are listed in detail below for netizens' reference. Step 1. The suitable cultivation time of Flammulina velutipes: most of the white Flammulina velutipes belong to low temperature type, the suitable temperature for mycelial growth is 18-20 ℃, and the suitable temperature for mushroom formation is 6-8 ℃. Accordingly, white Flammulina velutipes is generally suitable for cultivation from October to March of the following year. Step 2. Preparation of culture materials of Flammulina velutipes: the best culture materials of Flammulina velutipes are sawdust and rice bran, and fine crushed willow and Chinese fir chips are the most suitable. Before use, it is best to go through more than 1 year of stacking treatment. In the process of accumulation, it is necessary to often water the sawdust and keep the sawdust wet to remove the substances harmful to the growth of mycelium. The thickness ratio of sawdust should be reasonable: 20% of 2-3 mm in diameter and 40% of 1-2 mm in diameter. Less than 1 mm accounted for 40%, more coarse sawdust, culture medium easy to dry; more fine sawdust, poor permeability, affecting the growth rate of mycelium. Rice bran contains all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of white Flammulina velutipes, but starch-rich rice bran and defatted rice bran have gone bad and should not be used as much as possible. The volume ratio of sawdust to rice bran is 3:1, about 350kg water is added per cubic meter of mixture, and the water content of culture material is 63%. The culture material should be stirred evenly to make it fully moist. Step 3, culture material bottling sterilization: using 800 ml plastic bottle filling material, about 480 grams per bottle. The surface of the culture material should be compacted, and the culture material filled in each bottle should be equal, loose and tight, and high and low, which is the premise of consistent bacteria, mushroom at the same time and stalk length in the future. After the bottle cap is sealed, it should be sterilized immediately. It will ferment if it is kept for too long (2-3 hours in summer). There are two kinds of sterilization: atmospheric pressure sterilization and high pressure sterilization. Sterilization at atmospheric pressure for 4 hours after the temperature in the material reached above 98 ℃, and sterilization at 120 ℃ for 70 minutes under high pressure. After sterilization, put the bottle in a sterilized cooling chamber while it is hot, cool to 25-20 ℃, and inoculate in time. Step 4, the inoculation method of Flammulina velutipes: generally carried out in a sterile room, the ratio of strain to culture material is 1:50, the strain is required to cover the surface of the culture material, so that the mycelium can grow evenly and effectively prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution. Step 5, mycelium culture of Flammulina velutipes: transfer the inoculated mycelium into the culture room in time, the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 ℃, the air humidity should be 60% Mel 70%, and the mycelium begins to germinate in about 2 days. Ventilation twice a day, each time for 30 minutes, 20-25 days later, the mycelium of Flammulina velutipes can be full of bacteria. Step 6, the scratching of Flammulina velutipes: the so-called scratching is to remove the old seed block and skin by scratching machine (or by hand). By scratching the bacteria, the fruiting body can occur neatly from the surface of the culture medium. In general, the bottle with normal mycelium growth should be scratched first, and then the poor mycelium growth should be scratched. If there is obvious pollution, it is better not to scratch. There are several methods of scratching bacteria: flat scratching, scratching and air scratching. Flat scratching does not hurt the material surface, only the old bacteria are removed, this method produces mushrooms early and has more blossoms; scratching scrapes off the old bacteria and the 5mm surface material (suitable for sawdust) together into blocks, due to injury and hyphae, mushroom is late, the number of flowers is reduced, generally not used; air scratching is the use of high-pressure air flow to blow off the old bacteria, this method is the most simple. Step 7. The budding method of Flammulina velutipes should be treated in time after scratching the bacteria. At this stage, the temperature should be controlled at 12-13 ℃, and enough low temperature stimulation should be given to promote the formation of primordia. However, in the first three days, 90% relative humidity of 95% of the air should be maintained to restore the growth of the mycelium. Since then, due to the increase of respiration and the increase of carbon dioxide content, the ventilation should be gradually increased after the mycelium growth is restored, at the same time, the material surface should be prevented from drying and humidifier should be used for humidification. Stack 240 bottles per square meter when pressing buds. The roe-like mushroom buds can be seen in about 7 days, and the embryonic fruiting body can be seen in 12 days or so. Step 8, uniform breeding and inhibition of Flammulina velutipes: uniform breeding is the transitional stage of inhibition treatment, the room temperature should be controlled at about 8 ℃, the air humidity should be 85% and 90%, and the air environment should be close to the natural state, so as to promote the differentiation and branching of mushroom buds in the low temperature environment. When the mushroom bud grows to 1 cm, turn to the inhibition stage, set the temperature to 4-6 ℃, the air humidity 85% MUE 90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide less than 0.10%, and give hair and light (2-3 hours a day) to make the stalk of Flammulina velutipes neat and consistent, compact tissue and milky forehead. The inhibition is mainly caused by the breeze blowing on the quasi-sub-body. Place 150 bottles per square meter. Under the low temperature and cold wind, although the fruiting body grows slowly, it is neat, strong and firm. Waiting for the fruiting body to grow out of the bottle mouth of 3 cm, it can be put on the cylinder and transferred to the fertility chamber. Techniques for increasing production of Flammulina velutipes cultivation methods of Flammulina velutipes strains