How to grow ornamental sunflowers?

What kinds of ornamental sunflowers do you have? How to grow ornamental sunflowers? Also ask experienced netizens to help introduce ornamental sunflowers with whirling plant shape, dense branches and leaves, large and bright flowers, which can be used as potted flowers, cut flowers and ground-grown flowers. Therefore, more and more tourist attractions, farm music, orchards are planting, so the farming network has sorted out the planting methods of ornamental sunflowers, which are listed in detail for netizens' reference. 1. The variety selection of ornamental sunflower: 1. Due to different varieties, the plant height of ornamental sunflower varies greatly, the short one is only 20~30cm, the high one is about 2cm and 3m, and some underground rhizomes are stout. The whole plant of ornamental sunflower is setose, the stem is hollow, and the leaf shape is not much different from that of common sunflower, alternate, long-stalked, leaf ovate, green, apex pointed, leaf margin sometimes serrated. Capitate inflorescence, born at the top of the stem, commonly known as disk; cut flower varieties often have multiple branches, forming multiple disk. The shape of the disk can be divided into three types: protruding, spreading and concave. The diameter of disk varies from 10cm to 20cm according to different varieties. The disk has ligulate flowers and tubular flowers, ligulate flowers 1 to 3 layers, born on the edge of the disk, asexual flowers, with the effect of attracting insects to collect nectar and pollinate. Tongue flowers are yellow, milky white, orange, reddish brown, purplish black and so on, petals have single and double petals. The tubular flower is located on the inside of the ligulate flower and is bisexual. 2. The flowering period of ornamental sunflower varies greatly due to different sowing time and management measures. Conventional planting usually opens from June to September, and the seeds mature in the middle of September. There are many varieties of ornamental sunflowers, including pot planting, cut flower species, flower bed species and so on. Different varieties should be selected according to the needs. Cut flower varieties should be selected in cut flower cultivation. At present, the common cultivated varieties are hybrid F1 without pollen, such as' Golden 08', double 'Jin Jixiang' and 'Sanyang Kaitai' and so on. Dwarf sunflowers, such as' laugh', 'Teddy Bear', 'Red Pula' and 'Valentine's Day', are short and can blossom 50 to 55 days after sowing, suitable for potted plants and flower beds. Some cut flower varieties such as' Sunshine', 'Juqiu', 'Italian White', 'Orange Yang', 'Festival' and so on can also be viewed as potted flowers by dwarfing treatment of growth regulators. Ornamental sunflowers like warm sex, slightly resistant to drought, and require a sunny growing environment. Second, ornamental sunflower planting environment: ornamental sunflower plant size is moderate, can be planted in front of the window of the small courtyard, wall, fence, but also potted balcony, well-lit living room, bedroom and so on. Potted plants decorate the family's small courtyard and windowsill, showing a thriving atmosphere. Used for placing public places and arranging scenic spots, it can show a festive and warm scene. Because of its golden color, long florescence, long vase time, straight stem, symbolizing auspiciousness, it has a special charm when used as a cut flower. Used as flower basket and bouquet flower arrangement, it can be comparable with summer chrysanthemum varieties, and it is a new type of cut flower variety worth popularizing. At present, Henan, Guangdong and other places in China have begun to sow seeds on a large scale. Panyu in Guangdong and Zhengzhou in Henan have already had 1 million "one million sunflower gardens". Third, ornamental sunflower seedling raising time, methods and management methods: 1. Ornamental sunflower seedling breeding method: ornamental sunflower mainly uses sowing and propagation, and can be sowed all the year round according to the need. Because of the different uses, the methods of seedling raising in seedling bed, direct seeding in field and seeding in burrow tray are adopted. For cut flower cultivation and production, it is often used to sow and raise seedlings. 2. The sowing quantity of ornamental sunflower: the seeds of ornamental sunflower vary greatly according to different varieties, 2550 seeds per gram for large sunflowers and about 110 seeds per gram for small sunflowers. The optimum temperature for germination is 21 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Hole sowing is commonly used in the open field, and sowing plates are sown on demand. It germinates 7-10 days after sowing, and the germination rate is 80%-90%. 3. Sowing time of ornamental sunflower: the specific sowing time of ornamental sunflower is determined by the time of flower supply, and it can be sowed all the year round according to the application needs. It is generally sown from January to April or September to October and blossom 60-70 days after sowing; sowing from May to August or November-December and flowering 70-80 days after sowing. The time required varies from breed to breed. If sowing from November to December, pay attention to heat preservation. On the other hand, it takes 50 to 60 days from sowing to flowering for potted dwarf species. 4. The sowing method of ornamental sunflower: when sowing and raising seedlings in a hole tray, it should be sowed on a deeper seedling tray, and the substrate should be loose, good water retention and aseptic. Generally, the mixture of peat, culture soil and sand should be used as the sowing medium. When sowing, first load the prepared nutritious soil into the seedling tray, drill through the bottom water, and wait for the water to seep out before you can start sowing. Sow one seed in each hole, cover it after sowing, and pour water to keep the substrate moist. After sowing, cover with 2cm thick fine soil, compact and cover with a layer of plastic film, and place it in a place away from light until the seedlings emerge. The germination temperature is 25 ℃ and germinates from 3 days to 4 days. Species spacing 2cm or so, do not be too dense, otherwise it is easy to "shell" seedling. 5. The management method of ornamental sunflower seedling: after emergence, the ornamental sunflower should pay attention to ventilation and cooling, control the humidity, and see the light gradually. The seedlings can be transplanted when they reach 5~6cm 2 weeks after sowing. After emergence, the seedlings should be divided in time, and the seedlings should be transferred to the nutrition bowl of 10cm × 10cm for maintenance until planting. During this period, attention should be paid to watering water to avoid overgrowth of plants. When the dwarf varieties were sown directly in the field, the sowing spacing of dwarf varieties was 12cm × 12cm, and the row spacing of large flower type and large plant type should be increased appropriately, 1 to 2 grains per hole. The interval between 10cm and 10cm was used to sow seeds in the soil with more residual fertilizer. During the seedling raising period, the substrate should not be too wet, and at the same time, ventilation and light should be strengthened to prevent the spread of fungal diseases. In the high temperature and rainy season, mancozeb and metalaxyl 1000 times solution can be sprayed regularly. After the cotyledons grew, the cotyledons were sprayed with chlorothalonil or methyl topiramate 1000 times a week for 2 or 3 times in a row to prevent cataplexy. 4. The transplanting time, methods and management methods of ornamental sunflowers: 1. The transplanting time of ornamental sunflowers: the optimum soil temperature for seedling transfer of ornamental sunflowers is 15 ℃. In the frost-free area in winter, it can grow in the field all the year round, while in the cold area in winter, it needs to be cultivated in greenhouse. If planted in fields with high fertility, it is necessary to increase the planting density to limit the overgrowth of plants and the size of flowers. Sometimes the plant row spacing should be adjusted according to the fertility of the soil itself and the requirements of the market for the thickness of the stalk. When planting, apply sufficient basal fertilizer to the bottom of the basin, and dig seedlings with more soil and less root damage, so as to make the plant recover quickly. Stop watering before planting and water through it in time after planting, which is helpful to promote the growth of new roots. 2. The transplanting method of ornamental sunflower: the sunflower is not strict to the soil and can grow well in all kinds of soil. The most suitable for growth is sandy loam or loam with pH value from 5.8 to 6.5. Good soil permeability is very important for the growth of sunflower. The soil should be ploughed and loosened before sterilization and sowing to improve soil structure and drainage. The plot of ornamental sunflower planted in the field should be ready in the autumn of the previous year, and the soil should be loose and fertile loam. The cultivated soil should be properly applied with rotten farm compost as base fertilizer, organic fertilizer 2000kg per mu, and some available chemical fertilizers, such as urea, diammonium, etc., and 10kg per mu. Pot ornamental sunflowers should choose the flowerpot with diameter 10~15cm according to the size of the aboveground crown. Pot soil should be mixed with fertile garden soil, rotten leaf soil and coarse sand, and mixed with a small amount of mature livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer. Sunflower cut flower planting avoid soil continuous cropping, open field cultivation need to rotate land after planting 1 or 2 crops, potted plants should do a good job of soil disinfection to prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests. 3. Water management of ornamental sunflowers: the water requirements of ornamental sunflowers vary greatly in different growth stages. When cultivated in open field, the root system is more developed, drought tolerance, not much watering in spring, and supplementary watering is needed only when the temperature rises and water evaporation is large in early summer. The period from sowing to budding is relatively drought-resistant and does not require much water. And proper drought is beneficial to root growth and enhance drought resistance. Water should be properly controlled in the bud stage, but under the conditions of strong light and high temperature, due to tall plants, luxuriant leaves and high water consumption, it should be watered in time to prevent leaf wilting, affect the normal growth of plants, and lead to the decline of cut flower quality. The peak period of water demand is from budding to flowering. Water shortage in this period has a great impact on flower yield. If it is too dry, it needs irrigation. Potted ornamental sunflowers, large pots and small pots, should be watered in time during the growing period, otherwise the leaves are easy to dehydrate and wither. But should not be watered too much, basin soil is too wet will cause leaves yellowing. The soil should be moist when sowing and transplanting, and then moderately moist. When the temperature rises to 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ in early summer, the evaporation is large, so the amount of water supply should be increased appropriately. 4. fertilization of ornamental sunflowers: potted sunflowers are treated with mature thin liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer every 7 to 10 days, mainly nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage to promote luxuriant branches and leaves, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied after budding to provide sufficient nutrition to make flower buds grow healthily and be beneficial to flowering. The drip irrigation system with mixed fertilizer and water can also be used, and liquid fertilizer can be used according to the leaf color to keep the bottom leaves from withering and yellowing due to lack of fertilizer. It is also necessary to avoid overweight and control the use of liquid fertilizer after budding. As a cut flower pot, do not apply more fertilizer, lest the flower head is too big, the stem is too thick, is not conducive to vase. Sunflowers planted on the ground may not be fertilized if the soil is fertile. If the soil fertility is too poor, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied in the bud stage. Fertilization should be applied once every 20 days during the growing period, but thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied 2 or 3 times before flowering. 5. Temperature requirements of ornamental sunflowers: temperature and light sunflowers have strong adaptability to temperature, and they are a kind of plant that likes temperature and is resistant to cold. Sunflower seeds have strong tolerance to low temperature. Sunflower seeds begin to germinate when the local temperature is more than 2 ℃, germinate and take root when the local temperature is 4 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, and meet the needs of seed germination and emergence when the ground temperature reaches 8 ℃ ~ 10 ℃. The optimum temperature for sunflower development is 31 ℃ ~ 37 ℃. The optimum daytime temperature for its growth is 18 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ and the night temperature is 10 ℃ ~ 18 ℃. During the whole growth process, sunflowers can grow normally as long as the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃. In the suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the development. For example, the temperature in early spring is low and the plant growth is slow, which directly affects the flowering time. However, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the stem and leaves grow, the stem is slender, it is easy to break, and the florescence is shortened. Therefore, in protected cultivation, ventilation should be carried out when the temperature is above 25 ℃ at noon and heated if the temperature is below 13 ℃ at night. Ornamental sunflower is a light-loving flower, and its seedlings, leaves and disk have strong phototaxis. Sufficient sunshine at seedling stage and strong seedlings, and sufficient sunshine in middle growth stage can promote stem and leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. The ornamental sunflower cultivated in the open field has a long light time and often blossoms earlier, while when cultivated in the greenhouse in winter, the light time is short and the flowering is delayed. If the sun is sufficient throughout the growth and development period, the stems and leaves grow strongly, the flowers are bright, and the ligulate flowers are shiny; such as continuous rain or long-term growth in a semi-shady environment, the stem is not tall and straight, the leaves are soft, drooping, yellowish green, and the disk is small and irregular. 6. Pruning of ornamental sunflowers: plant management can remove lateral (axillary) buds in order to make the apical buds of the main branches develop healthily. For plants with slightly higher stems, props should be set up to support them in windy seasons to prevent the plants from lodging. In field cultivation, the bottom leaves should be removed for ventilation in time to avoid diseases in high temperature season. Cut flower varieties should remove the apical bud to facilitate the growth of lateral branches and make the size of lateral flowers uniform. After this treatment, 7-10 cut flowers can be harvested per plant, the stem is as long as 70~80cm, and the height of the whole plant can reach 120~170cm. Some varieties will grow lateral buds at each node and need to be removed in time so as not to disperse nutrients and affect the growth of the main buds. If it is used to watch the flower bed, the heart can be picked once, and the branches can produce 4-5 flowers. A single flower is better for potted plants. For long-stalk varieties such as pot sowing, the plant height can be controlled by 0.25% 0.4% foliar spraying 20 days after germination. 7. Management of flowering period of ornamental sunflower: sunflower is cross-pollinated, which can be pollinated by insects and bees, and artificial pollination during flowering can improve the seed setting rate. In particular, double-petal varieties are not easy to bear fruit, and artificial pollination is needed during flowering. Pollination time from 9 am to 11:00 every day, generally pollination can be 2-3 times. If the flowering period is controlled by pruning or sowing at the wrong time, the florescence can be prolonged appropriately. The growth period of ornamental sunflower varies with variety, sowing date and cultivation conditions, and the sowing time can be determined according to the ornamental time. Since March, the seeds are sown every 20 days, and the last time is sown in early May. If the flowering period is properly prolonged, the plant will grow more vigorously and the flower quality will be better. By pruning to prolong the flowering period, the supply period of ornamental sunflower cut flowers can be made from late June to early September. According to the growth potential of the plant, fertilizer should be applied to remove dense branches, weak branches, bottom leaves and small flower buds in time, and retain 1 flower and 1 bud to make the flowers grow big and full. If you want to prolong the florescence for one month, you can prune and tip once at the end of May, leave 2 or 3 leaves to remove the top tip, remove the basal tillering buds, promote lateral branches, supplement fertilizer and water, plough and loosen the soil for 2 times, and blossom from July to August. If you want to prolong the florescence by 2 months, wipe your head for the second time in mid-June. The specific method is as follows: wipe the head at the high place of the new buds 3~5cm issued after the top tip is removed for the first time, remove the basal tillering buds, weak branches and overdense lower leaves, retain the sturdy branches, and apply liquid fertilizer once a week. It can blossom from August to September. 8. pest control of ornamental sunflower: the incidence of sunflower diseases and insect pests was low, and the main diseases were powdery mildew, black spot, bacterial leaf spot, rust (prevalent in high wet period) and stem rot. It can be prevented by disinfection of matrix, reasonable watering, increasing air circulation, intermittent spraying of protective fungicides and so on. After being infected, the diseased leaves and residual plants are removed and burned; at the initial stage of the disease, 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder 500 times can be sprayed or the same amount of Bordeaux solution can be used for prevention and treatment. The pests that harm sunflowers are aphids, bug bugs, red spiders and beetles, which can be sprayed and killed with 1000 times of omethoate EC and 1500 times of 73% paracetamite EC. Fifth, viewing sunflower cut flower time: when the outer ligulate flower blossoms, it can be harvested. The vase life in water or fresh-keeping solution is 6-8 days in summer and 10-15 days in winter. Generally in the harvest packaging to remove the leaves, leaving the top 1 leaf is appropriate. Cut flowers can be stored at 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ for about a week. The branch length of ornamental sunflower should reach more than 40cm. The flowering period begins in late June, the flower branches with long 60~70cm are harvested and pretreated, then 10 pieces and 1 bunch, the flower heads are wrapped in soft paper, boxed and listed on the market. How long is the flowering period of sunflowers? What do you need to pay attention to when growing sunflowers?