Why do kiwifruit need artificial pollination?

Why do kiwifruit need artificial pollination? What are the artificial pollination methods of kiwifruit? Also ask netizens with kiwifruit planting experience to help introduce the general kiwifruit under natural conditions, mainly pollinated by insects, but with the development of agriculture, the amount of pesticides is also gradually increasing, so the number of insects pollinating kiwifruit is also decreasing, resulting in a low fruit setting rate of kiwifruit. In this land network, the reasons and operation methods of artificial pollination of kiwifruit are sorted out for netizens' reference. First, the reason for artificial pollination of kiwifruit: because kiwifruit is a dioecious plant, although both male and female plants can produce pollen, the pollen of female plants is usually empty and lifeless, and only male plants can produce dynamic pollination. so fruit can only be set by pollination between female and male plants. The number of seeds in kiwifruit is related to the size and nutrients of kiwifruit. 13 seeds produced by pollination can set fruit, but the quality of fruit is poor. In order to produce high quality fruit, there should be at least 800-1000 seeds in each fruit. Therefore, artificial pollination is necessary. Although kiwifruit is a wind-pollinated flower, it can be pollinated by wind, but its pollen grains are large, the distance floating in the air is short, and the effect of wind pollination is not good, so it must rely on insect pollination or artificial pollination. Practice has proved that the effect of necessary artificial pollination is very good. Artificial pollination can effectively improve the yield and quality of fruits. After normal pollination and fertilization of female flowers, how to prevent and control kiwifruit canker can avoid young fruit shedding and deformed small fruit, the fruit expands rapidly, the seed not only develops normally, but also the seed quantity increases significantly, the single fruit weight increases, the fruit shape is neat, the soluble solid content is increased, and the coloring is good; on the contrary, the fruit setting rate will be affected, even if the fruit, fruit shape and fruit color are difficult to guarantee. Practice has proved that the single fruit weight of the orchard without artificial pollination is 20% and 30% higher than that of the orchard without auxiliary pollination. The seed can be increased by 40% to 50%, and the excellent fruit rate can be increased by 30%. Artificial pollination can overcome the problems of rare male and female florescence and poor pollination of kiwifruit. The male flowers in the same orchard generally bloom 2-3 days earlier than the female flowers, and the flowering period of kiwifruit is very short, the long year can reach more than 1 week, and the short year has only 3-5 days. Once the pollination opportunity is missed, the harvest of the whole year is out of the question, so collecting pollen in advance and auxiliary pollination is the most ideal measure. In addition, artificial pollination can effectively solve the bad effects of pollination caused by low temperature, overcast and rainy weather at flowering stage, and overcome the problem of incomplete pollination caused by wind pollination and insect pollination caused by wide and overlapping kiwifruit leaves. 2. Methods of artificial pollination of kiwifruit: 1. Methods of collecting kiwifruit pollen: two to three days before pollination, male plants with earlier flowering period, more pollen quantity, stronger affinity with female varieties, high pollen germination rate and long flowering period were selected, and the male flowers were collected, and the anthers were removed with tweezers, toothbrushes, scissors, etc. Then take the following method of depollination: ① spread the anthers flat on the paper and place them at 25: 28 ℃ for 20: 24 hours to make the flowers bloom and release pollen. ② put the anther on the table and hung a 100w light bulb above 100cm from the table, waiting for the anther to crack and take out the pollen; ③ anther covered with a layer of newspaper and then put in the sun to remove powder, can also be de-powdered on a hot Kang with low temperature. After the anther is cracked, the pollen is screened out in a fine basket, put into a clean glass bottle and stored in a low temperature and dry place for use. The pure pollen can be stored for 1 to 2 years in a sealed container of-20 ℃ and more than 10 days in a household refrigerator of 5 ℃. The pollination fruit setting rate can reach 100% when stored at dry room temperature for 5 days, but with the extension of storage time, the fruit weight decreases gradually, and the pollination effect of pollen stored for 24 hours and 48 hours is the best. 2. Precautions when collecting kiwifruit pollen: the best time for ① to gather flowers is when the weather is sunny from 9:00 to 11:00 and from 17:00 to 19:00 in the afternoon. Do not pick wet flowers or flowers with heavy dew on rainy or rainy days. The flowers harvested by ② should be male kiwifruit flowers, and the flowers should not contain female flowers, pedicels, sand, branches, leaves and other impurities. ③ if the main flower reaches the harvest standard, please be careful not to pick the bud of the main flower when picking the main flower. The ear flower can also produce pollen when it is mature. Do not pile ④ flowers after harvest, store them in small batches in breathable bags or cardboard trays in the shortest possible time, and keep them away from the sun and in a cool, dry place. 3. The proportion of kiwifruit pollen: in order to save the amount of pollen, pure pollen can be prepared with fillers such as talcum powder, starch and pine pollen according to the ratio of 1: (510). The anther shell can also be used as a filler and mixed with pollen uniformly and directly. 4. Kiwifruit pollination method: artificial pollination of kiwifruit had better be pollinated on the female flower stigma which opened at 8:00-11:00 every day, and pollinated 3 times in a row, the effect was better. Only when a flower has at least 3 stigmas pollinated can the fruit quality be significantly improved. All the female flowers could be pollinated within 5 days after blooming, but with the extension of the opening time, the number of seeds and fruits in the fruit after pollination and fertilization decreased gradually, and the pollination effect was the best at 1-2 days after flowering, and the fruit setting rate decreased significantly on the 4th day. The specific methods are as follows. The first method of pollination is to collect the male flowers that just opened on the morning of pollination, the petals are placed upward on the plate, the male flowers are directly facing the newly opened female flowers, and the stamens of the male flowers are gently smeared on the female flower stigma. Each male flower can give 7 to 8 female flowers. Male flowers can be collected before 10:00 in the morning on sunny days, and pollinated by male flowers after 10:00. Male flowers can be collected and pollinated all day in cloudy weather. Male flowers collected later can be gently daubed on the hands to check the amount of pollen. The pollination rate of flowers is slow, but the pollination effect is the best among the artificial pollination methods. Second, loose pollination collected the male anthers blooming on the same day from 6:00 to 8: 00:00 and sprinkled them gently on the female stigma with chicken feathers or brush between 9:00 and 11:00. Pollination method 3. Simple pollinator will dilute the collected pollen by 5 to 10 times with talc powder, put it in a plastic bottle, intubate the trachea on the bottle cap, and blow the pollen to the stigma. Can also use a small brush or pencil rubber head, dipped in pollen, gently painted on the stigma of female flowers. Examination method after pollination: generally pollinated kiwifruit female flowers generally 24 hours after the stigma color from milky white to light yellow, while the unpollinated flower stigma is milky white, need to be replenished, continuous for 2-3 days to end. The method of honeybee pollination is adopted: rhesus monkey peach flowers pollinated by honeybees have no nectaries and are not attractive to honeybees, so the number of bees needed for pollination with bees is larger, approximately 1 box of bees per 1 334 m2 kiwifruit orchard, and there are no less than 30,000 energetic bees in each box. Generally, the beehive is moved into the garden when about 10% of the female flowers bloom, which prematurely makes the bees accustomed to other nectar plants outside the garden and reduces the number of times to collect kiwifruit pollen. Should pay attention to in the garden and near the orchard can not leave the same plants as rhesus monkey peach florescence (Robinia pseudoacacia, persimmon florescence and kiwifruit similar), so as not to disperse bees. In order to enhance the vitality of bees, each box of bees should be fed with 1 L 50% sugar water every 2 days, and the hive should also be placed in a sunny place in the garden. Cultivation methods of kiwifruit seedlings fertilization methods for planting kiwifruit