Diseases and insect pests of garden plants in September and their control methods

From September to September, autumn is the peak period for the occurrence and damage of garden plant diseases and insect pests, which should be paid close attention to, active prevention and timely treatment, so as to minimize the damage of all kinds of diseases and insect pests to garden plants.

Major diseases in September

1. Lawn spot blight

Symptoms: withered patches of different sizes appeared in the lawn, the grass turned green and turned withered yellow, the root, crown and neck of the grass were dark brown, the outer cortex of the vascular bundle rotted and the whole plant died.

Control methods of lawn spot blight:

① 64% poisonous alum 600700 times; ② 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500600 times; ④ 90% ethyl phosphate aluminum 500600 times.

2. Brown spot of lawn (Rhizoctonia solani)

Symptoms: infect the leaves, sheaths and stems of lawn plants, causing leaf rot, sheath rot and stem base rot. The leaves of a single plant have 5-50mm long brown fusiform or long stripe disease spots, initially bluish gray, then dark brown, and in severe cases, the disease spots circle around the stem. The whole leaf rotted like water stains, and the tillers of diseased plants withered and died. The lawn showed a near-round withered grass spot of 1Mel 2m, a "smoke ring" when it was warm and wet, and then turned green in the center, surrounded by withered yellow "frog eyes".

Prevention and control: ① 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ② 70% methyl thiophanate 600,700 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500,600 times; ④ 72.2% Purek water agent 800x + 50% thiram 800x spray.

3. Black spot of rose

Control method: spray 80% Dyson zinc 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 color 600 times solution.

4. Brown spot of cherry blossoms

Control method: spray 58% Ruidu Manganese Zinc 500 times or 50% plus Ruinong 1000 times.

5. Wilt of Euonymus tomentosa

Prevention and control method: irrigate 50% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times.

All kinds of insect pests in September

1. Apple palm moth: commonly known as boat caterpillar

Host: Elm leaf plum, begonia, cherry blossom, cherry, peach, elm, papaya and other plants.

Rule: one generation a year, adult Eclosion in July, larvae hatching from August to October. At the end of autumn, it is buried and pupated over the winter. The 5th instar larvae are harmful to clusters, silking sagging and pseudo-death habits. they feed day and night and eat a lot of food, which can eat up the whole branch or even the whole leaves overnight.

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Diseases and insect pests of garden plants in September and their control methods

From September to September, autumn is the peak period for the occurrence and damage of garden plant diseases and insect pests. During this period, we should pay close attention to it, actively prevent and treat it in time, so as to minimize the damage of all kinds of diseases and insect pests to garden plants.

Major diseases in September

1. Lawn spot blight

Symptoms: withered patches of different sizes appeared in the lawn, the grass turned green and turned withered yellow, the root, crown and neck of the grass were dark brown, the outer cortex of the vascular bundle rotted and the whole plant died.

Control methods of lawn spot blight:

① 64% poisonous alum 600700 times; ② 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500600 times; ④ 90% ethyl phosphate aluminum 500600 times.

2. Brown spot of lawn (Rhizoctonia solani)

Symptoms: infect the leaves, sheaths and stems of lawn plants, causing leaf rot, sheath rot and stem base rot. The leaves of a single plant have 5-50mm long brown fusiform or long stripe disease spots, initially bluish gray, then dark brown, and in severe cases, the disease spots circle around the stem. The whole leaf rotted like water stains, and the tillers of diseased plants withered and died. The lawn showed a near-round withered grass spot of 1Mel 2m, a "smoke ring" when it was warm and wet, and then turned green in the center, surrounded by withered yellow "frog eyes".

Prevention and control: ① 70% mancozeb 500600 times; ② 70% methyl thiophanate 600,700 times; ③ 50% carbendazim 500,600 times; ④ 72.2% Purek water agent 800x + 50% thiram 800x spray.

3. Black spot of rose

Control method: spray 80% Dyson zinc 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 color 600 times solution.

4. Brown spot of cherry blossoms

Control method: spray 58% Ruidu Manganese Zinc 500 times or 50% plus Ruinong 1000 times.

5. Wilt of Euonymus tomentosa

Prevention and control method: irrigate 50% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times.

All kinds of insect pests in September

1. Apple palm moth: commonly known as boat caterpillar

Host: Elm leaf plum, begonia, cherry blossom, cherry, peach, elm, papaya and other plants.

Rule: one generation a year, adult Eclosion in July, larvae hatching from August to October. At the end of autumn, it is buried and pupated over the winter. The 5th instar larvae are harmful to clusters, silking sagging and pseudo-death habits. they feed day and night and eat a lot of food, which can eat up the whole branch or even the whole leaves overnight.

Prevention and treatment: ① sprayed more than 10% Noble suspension 1500Mel 2000 times, ② sprayed 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000Mel 1500 times, ③ sprayed 20% chrysanthemum EC 1500Mel 2000 times.

2. Diamondback moth

Host: in addition to the general damage to Rosaceae plants, it also harms more than 100 species of plants, such as Fatong, walnut, jujube, persimmon, pomegranate, white wax, mulberry and so on.

Law: the worm produces one generation a year, the adults Eclosion in July, the larvae hatch from August to October, and feed exclusively on leaves, initially reticulate, then notched and holes, until the leaves are eaten.

Prevention and treatment: ① sprays 20% diflubenzuron 5000 Mel 6000 times, or diflubenzuron 3 suspension 2000 Mel 2500x; ② sprays Bt emulsion 500x; ③ sprays 2.5% deltamethrin 1000Mel 1500 times, or 20% chrysanthemum EC 1500m 2000 times, or 10% Dolabo 1000 times suspension, or Sulipo suspension 800ml 1000 times. ④ protects natural enemies Ji Bee, wide-shouldered Xiaofeng, assassin bugs and mantis.

3. Aromatic bark moth

Prevention and control: as the larvae climb out of the tree hole in late September to make cocoons overwintering, you can sprinkle a circle of "insecticide" powder on the surface of the soil at the base of the tree trunk to poison the soil larvae (but pay attention to environmental safety and do not let poultry, pigeons and pets get involved in poisoning).

4. Japanese tortoise wax scale

Hosts: Fatong, Populus tomentosa, etc.

Prevention and treatment: spray 40% speed culling 1000ml 1500 times liquid.

5. Other

(1) all kinds of longicorn beetle larvae

September is another peak for most longicorn beetle larvae, and there are generally two types of damage:

① superficial damage-the larvae hatched in the same year are damaged by drilling in the phloem, there are no obvious fecal holes on the tree surface, and there are no fecal debris on the ground.

Deep damage caused by ②-larvae hatched last year or the year before last are damaged by drilling in the xylem, with obvious excretion holes in the tree trunk, dung debris deposited outside the holes or wood filaments scattered on the ground.

Prevention and control: 40% monocrotophos with strong internal absorption can be brushed on the trunk of the tree, and the deep harmful larvae can remove the fecal debris from the defecation hole, plug the "zinc phosphide" poison label, seal it with slime, form a closed "gas chamber", and kill the larvae with the pervasive "phosphine" gas emitted inside the tree trunk after dampness.

(2) Leaf-eating pests: the fourth generation larvae of Robinia pseudoacacia inchworm, poplar withered leaf moth larvae, moth larvae and so on.

Prevention and treatment: spray urea No. 3 suspension 2000Mel 2500x, or Bt emulsion 500x, or 2.5% deltamethrin 1500Mel 2000 times.

(3) prick-sucking pests: red spiders, scale insects, thrips, whitefly, aphids and so on.

Control: spray ① 15% acaridin 1000Mel 1500 times (red spider); ② 40% speed kill 1500Mel 2000 times (scale insects); ③ 20% buprofezin 1000mi 1500 times (whitefly, wood lice); ④ 10% imidacloprid 1000Mel 2000 times (whiteflies, aphids); ⑤ 1.2% nicotinine EC 800ml 1000 times (thrips, aphids).

For the control of piercing sucker pests, no matter whether the injured plants are trees, flower shrubs, grass flowers, potted flowers or perennial flowers, burying the original drug "Tiemiake" with 3-5g/ powder in soil, or using 2 ml 3 grams per centimeter according to breast diameter, the effect is better and the effect is long.

Control of common diseases and insect pests of Salix mandshurica

The control of diseases and insect pests is a key link in the production and management of Salix chinensis, which is directly related to the growth, quality and yield of Fraxinus mandshurica. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of Salix chinensis, mastering the time and law of the occurrence of Salix disease and insect pests, and taking corresponding measures to control them, we can reduce the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests. Based on practical experience, the author briefly introduces the types and control of common diseases and insect pests of Salix chinensis.

1. Types and control of diseases of Salix chinensis.

1) jaundice of Salix chinensis

The jaundice of Fraxinus mandshurica is the main disease of Fraxinus mandshurica, especially in autumn, it has the greatest impact on Salix mandshurica, the serious land infection can reach more than 80%, and the yield of Salix mandshurica decreased by 50%. The jaundice of Salix chinensis is caused by virus and bacteroid. The disease often grows to 20cm in autumn, and the peak period is before and after the Autumn Equinox. When the disease occurs, the leaves turn yellow and white, slightly curl, stop growing, and dwarf is particularly serious, which can make the whole plant die.

The quarantine of Qiliu jaundice should be strengthened, and the infected strains are prohibited from being transported and used as seed strips to prevent the spread of the virus. High-quality varieties should be selected in areas prone to infection, such as Xinyi willow, benzene willow, yellow willow and so on. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and strengthen the potential of piers

Improve the ability of disease resistance. It should be harvested at the head to enhance the growth of the autumn willow.

In the land with jaundice, the common prevention and control measure is to spread plant ash while there is dew in the morning, which can play a control role. Drug control can use carbendazim or Bordeaux solution to spray water 1000 times, spraying can be used at the same time with other insecticidal drugs.

2) Salix nematode disease

The nematode disease of Salix chinensis has a great influence on the growth of Salix chinensis. Newly inserted and old plots are susceptible to the disease. When the disease occurs, the whole pier or pieces die, the roots are thick and swollen, the roots are white, the lateral roots gradually rot, the capillaries turn black, from the bottom to the top.

Die.

Rotation should be taken for the prevention and control of Salix nematode disease. Plots with more than 30% death should be cut down immediately to change stubble, re-planting in the second year should be prohibited, crop rotation should be 2-3 years apart, and 35 crops should be planted continuously, so it is easier to plant crops. The longer the years of rotation, the better the effect.

The method of soil disinfection can be used for drug control. Before planting Xinqi willow, 80% dibromochlorane 3kg was applied to water 100~200kg per mu (1 mu = 1/15ha) during soil preparation, which had a certain control effect.

2. Species and control of insect pests of Salix chinensis

1) Beetle

There are many kinds of beetles, including brown beetles, black velvet beetles and copper green beetles that seriously harm Qi Liu. Beetle larva called grub, commonly known as "soil silkworm", is an underground pest that harms the roots of seedlings.

Beetles are born every year, and the larvae survive the winter in the soil. The adults begin to move from April to May every year, especially in the muggy evening in summer, nibbling away at the tender leaves and hiding into the soil worms deep in 1cm at dawn. Adults have the habit of clustering, fake death and so on. According to the living habits of the beetle, 812 was applied to the ground together with fertilizer to kill the larvae. Adults can be caught manually, or burn a fire or light a lamp in the ground at night. The drug control can be sprayed with 1000 times liquid of trichlorfon, or 50 times of liquid 812 powder to kill adults.

2) Willow inchworm

Salix inchworm, commonly known as Cunxin worm, Toxoplasma gondii. It happens everywhere. The larvae eat willow buds and willow leaves, and the third generation overwintering larvae do the most serious harm, which is one of the pests that harm the willow in spring and autumn.

The willow inchworm has three generations a year in most areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and Huanghuai, and overwinters as the last generation of larvae. Before turning green in the early spring of the following year, the winter buds began to move, gnawed on the strip buds, peeled for 2 or 3 times, and then spun silk above the trunk or in the folded leaves.

Cocoon and pupation. The adults are active at night, have phototaxis and lay eggs on the back of the tender leaves, clustered in one place, hundreds of eggs.

For the prevention and control of willow ulnar worm, it can be caught at any time in combination with a fork. Clean the fallen leaves in time in winter and burn them with fire, or spray 50% phoxim emulsion 500-1000 times before willow buds grow (in the first and middle of March). In the middle and late August, when the third larva occurs, it can be sprayed with 1605 solution. Natural enemies (black waist wasp) can also be used to control insects.

3) Willow caterpillar

Willow caterpillars are commonly known as golden caterpillars and poisonous caterpillars. Yanagida happens a lot everywhere. There are poisonous hairs on the larvae, which can cause redness, swelling and pain. It is mainly damaged by larvae, which is one of the main insect pests of Salix chinensis.

The willow caterpillar has two or three generations a year in southern and central-southern Shandong. The third and fourth instar larvae hide in the fallen leaves of the roots for the winter, break their cocoons in April of the following year, and mostly feed on the back of the leaves. The larvae of each generation occurred in late May, early and middle August and late September. The adults have phototaxis and lay eggs on the back of the leaves. After peeling for 5 or 7 times, they form thin cocoons and pupate in the stumps or willow leaves.

Strengthen the winter management of Qiliu plot, sweep the fallen leaves and eliminate the overwintering eggs. The eggs are mostly concentrated on the back of the leaves, showing yellow, and clustered together before the 3rd instar, and the harm can be reduced if the leaves are removed in time. 80% dichlorvos milk can be used for drug control.

Spray 1000 times of the agent or 3000 times of phoxim emulsion.

3) Willow thrips

Willow thrips are more common in Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui, especially in dry autumn, which often causes willow leaves to curl and shrivel, affecting the growth of Salix.

Willow thrips occur for many generations in one year, and the adults overwinter in deciduous weeds. They begin to be active in March and April of the second year, and the occurrence density is the highest in August and September. The eggs are laid in the vein tissue of the dorsal leaf, 1 in each place, and concentrated on the back of the leaf after hatching. Drug control can be done with 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 500-1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsion, which will be sprayed in late July.

4) Willow aphid

Willow aphids, also known as aphids, commonly known as honey insects, are common pests in willow fields, appearing many times a year, especially in the spring seedling stage.

The reproduction of willow aphid is related to temperature and humidity, and too drought and waterlogging are beneficial to reproduction. It is suitable for climate in our country, which varies from 5 to 20 generations a year. The willow aphid in southern Shandong generally has 4-6 generations per year, which is more concentrated in spring and the damage is serious. Generally, aphids need 4-17 days to complete each generation, overwintering with wingless adult aphids and nymphs on weeds in Tiaodun, and begin to reproduce in mid-late March of the second year. When the temperature rises to more than 14 ℃ in mid-late April, a large number of winged aphids parasitize and reproduce in willow fields, mostly concentrated on the top leaves or shoots of willow. In severe cases, it is covered with leaves, causing the leaves to curl and stop growing. In addition to harming Salix, it also harms all kinds of trees and other crops.

The control of willow aphid should be combined with willow field overwintering soil, eliminate weeds and fallen leaves, and eliminate willow aphid on self-growing grass. Timely and large amount of watering to keep the soil sticky and wet can prevent the breeding of willow aphids. Biological control can use seven-star ladybug, one seven-star ladybug can eat 270 aphids in a day and night, and one growing aphid fly can eat 400 aphids. For drug control, 40% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed 1000 times to 1500 times per mu, and 1605 solution is the best.

5) Underground pests

In recent years, with the expansion of the planting area of Salix mandshurica, new pests continue to appear, among which the underground pests are the most serious.

At present, in addition to common underground pests such as ground tigers, ginger worms and maggots, the new weevil is the most harmful to Salix willow. The elephant beetle is parasitic on the root of Salix mandshurica. Black spots appear on the root of the damaged crop and begin to rot and dry up, resulting in

The willow died from lack of water. The elephant beetle hatches adults in March, lays eggs in November and feeds exclusively on the roots of crops. Must be active prevention and control, otherwise Qi Liu will die in pieces.

When underground pests occur, the most effective control method is to irrigate the roots, using pesticides such as methyl isathion or Shennong Danvonan, irrigating the roots once in early March and mid-July respectively. First open the ditch, then irrigate, and then irrigate. The plots with serious insect pests should be planted with stubble, and new strips should be planted after 2-3 seasons, and enough pesticides should be applied before planting, which can also play a role in prevention and control.