How to improve the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat field

1. Mixed with organic fertilizer and applied after fermentation Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid and a variety of organic weak acids, can make insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. Not only can the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer be greatly improved, but also the problem of burning seedlings of phosphorus fertilizer can be effectively overcome. 2. Combined application with nitrogen, potassium and zinc fertilizers According to the requirement of wheat for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, scientific application of nitrogen, potassium and zinc fertilizer when applying phosphorus fertilizer can not only effectively supplement the deficiency of soil nutrients, but also increase the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer by 20%-30%. The proportion of application: 4000 kg of high quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphorus fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 12 kg of standard potassium fertilizer and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu of general high yield wheat field; 3000 kg of high quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphorus fertilizer, 35 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of standard potassium fertilizer and 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu of middle yield field. 3. Adopt centralized application method Concentrated application of phosphorus fertilizer is an effective method to reduce the contact surface between phosphorus fertilizer and soil, which is an effective method to reduce the fixation of available phosphorus in phosphorus fertilizer by calcium, magnesium and aluminum in soil, especially in yellow red soil, calcareous soil, yellow soil, sandy ginger black soil and other clay soils. The results showed that the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer could be increased by 28% and the yield of wheat increased by 11.8% by concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer than by sowing application. Stripe application method: before wheat sowing, according to the sowing row spacing, first use a seeder to deeply apply phosphorus fertilizer 8-10 cm, and then use a second seeder to sow, so that wheat seeds and phosphorus fertilizer are staggered by 1-2 cm. 4. Phosphorus fertilizer should be selected due to soil system In order to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer should be selected according to soil. In neutral and calcareous alkaline soil, it is advisable to choose deep calcium superphosphate, calcium superphosphate is weak acid, can neutralize the alkali in the soil; in acidic soil, choose weak alkaline calcium magnesium phosphorus, acidic soil application of alkaline fertilizer can not only enhance its fertilizer efficiency, but also can neutralize the acid in the soil to avoid the harm of acid to wheat roots. 5. The dosage should be appropriate The yield per kilogram of phosphorus fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application, but when the application amount was too small, the yield per unit area was not significant. Generally, the application amount of 50-60 kg per mu was appropriate. 6. Foliar spraying outside roots During the jointing to booting and filling stages of wheat, 2-3 kg of calcium superphosphate is dissolved in clear water, the residue is filtered, mixed with 50-60 kg of clear water, sprayed once at the jointing, booting and filling stages of wheat, and the yield can be increased by 4%-6%. Or spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the root, spraying 60- 80kg per mu each time, spraying three times, there is obvious strong stalk anti-falling, can increase production by 4.6%-8.1%. The root spraying should be carried out after 3 p.m. on a sunny day without strong wind or on a cloudy day. Spraying the wheat plant with a sprayer by the method of "turning one button and penetrating all sides" makes the front and back of the plant leaves evenly stained with fertilizer solution. Foliar spraying has the advantages of less fertilizer, quick effect, high fertilizer utilization rate and no limitation by soil moisture.