What are the plant growth regulators?

What are the plant growth regulators? What's the effect? The following introduces several common plant growth regulators and properties: 1, indoleacetic acid (IAA) molecular formula: C10H9NO2 molecular weight: 162.0 properties: pure colorless, see light oxidation into rose red, reduced activity, should be stored in a brown bottle or shaded with black paper outside the bottle, melting point 166168 ℃, slightly soluble in water, benzene and chloroform, easily soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and ethyl acetate. It is unstable in acidic medium and will be deactivated quickly even at room temperature when PH is lower than 2. Indole acetic acid is relatively stable in alkaline solution, and its sodium salt and potassium salt are easy to hold in water and stable. If the aqueous solution of indole acetic acid is exposed to light, it will be decomposed and destroyed. Practice should pay attention to this problem. Toxicity: the acute percutaneous LD50 of mice was 1000 mg / kg. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with LD50150 mg / kg. Carp LC50 (48 hours) > 40ppm. It's not toxic to bees. Mechanism of action: IAA is applied from stem tips and growing leaves of plants by biochemical methods: indole acetic acid (IAA) is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator with indole auxin activity, which is mainly used in plant tissue culture, inducing callus formation and promoting rooting of herbaceous and woody ornamental plants. IAA was first isolated from yeast in culture medium by Dutch F.Kerr in 1934. Similar compounds such as 3-indole acetaldehyde are found in plants. In the same year, King synthesized indoleacetic acid by chemical method. 2. Indolebutyric acid (IBA) molecular formula: C12H13NO2 molecular weight: 203.23 properties: White or yellowish crystal powder, slightly odorous, melting point 123-125℃. Insoluble in water and chloroform, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents, is an efficient growth regulator. Toxicity: mice intraperitoneal injection of LD50 (semi-lethal dose per kg body weight) is 100mg/kg, low toxicity to humans and animals. Application: mainly used to promote the rooting of cuttings, the effect is stronger, the duration of effect is longer, and the induced adventitious roots are many and slender. 3. NAA molecular formula: C12H10O2 molecular weight: 186.21 property: pure product is colorless and odorless needle crystal. The property is stable, but easy to dissolve, see light discoloration, should be kept away from light, naphthalene acetic acid is divided into α type and β type, α type activity is stronger than β type, commonly known as naphthalene acetic acid refers to α type. The melting point is 134.5-135.5 ℃. Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in hot water, easily soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, acetic acid and chloroform. Sodium naphthalene acetate is soluble in water and stable in general organic solvents. Toxicity: non-toxic to human, oral LD50 as 1000mg/kg in rats, 670mg/kg in mice, and 5000mg/kg in rabbits after acute subcutaneous injection of KD50. Uses: promote plant growth, cuttings and roots, thinning flowers and fruits, prevent falling flowers and fruits, promote flowering, inhibit sprouting, promote early maturity and increase production. 4. 2jing4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid chemical name: 2jing4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid property: pure product is white crystal, odorless, odorless, non-hygroscopic, melting point 141 ℃. The industrial product is white or light brown crystal with a slightly phenolic smell, and its melting point is 135138 ℃. It is insoluble in water. It dissolves in 540 × 10-6 ℃ at 20 ℃ and 890 × 10-6 at 25 ℃. It can dissolve in ethanol, ether, acetone and benzene. 2mai 4murD itself is a strong acid, which has a corrosive effect on metals. React with various alkalis to form corresponding salts, which are easily soluble in water after salt formation. The corresponding esters are formed with alcohols catalyzed by sulfuric acid, which are insoluble in water. Exposure to ultraviolet light will cause partial decomposition. 2the activity of 4murD was the strongest in benzene oxide, which was 100 times higher than that of indole butyric acid. Toxicity: oral LD50 was 500mg/kg in rats. Use: 2mai 4mi D, the use varies with the concentration, and the effect is different. It is one of the medium components of plant tissue culture at a lower concentration (0.5 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-6); at a medium concentration (1-25 × 10-6), it can prevent flower and fruit drop, induce seedless fruit formation and fruit preservation, etc.; at a high concentration (1000 × 10-6), it can kill a variety of broad-leaved weeds. 6, gibberellin molecular formula: C19H22O6 molecular weight: 246.39 properties: pure white crystal, industrial product is white powder, melting point 233237mol, easy to dissolve in alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid and other organic solvents, insoluble in water, insoluble in petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform. When using gibberellin powder, first dissolve it with a small amount of ethanol or soju, and then add water to the desired concentration. The stability is different in different PH solutions: under the condition of PH3-4, the aqueous solution is the most stable; under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, the stability decreases obviously; it is neutralized and invalidated in alkaline solution, so it can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides (such as stone sulfur mixture). Gibberellin solution will gradually lose its activity when it exceeds 50 ℃, and it will lose its activity when it is kept at room temperature or high temperature for a long time. Toxicity: no toxicity to human storage, oral 1500mg/kg in mice did not cause poisoning. Application: promote stem elongation and leaf expansion; break dormancy, promote germination, improve seed germination rate; promote fruit setting of some plants; promote bisexual male flower formation, inhibit flower bud differentiation of fruit trees; replace low temperature induction. 7. Ethephon molecular formula: C2H6CLO3P molecular weight: 144.5 property: pure product is long needle-shaped colorless crystal, melting point 74-75 ℃, soluble in water, ethanol, ether, slightly soluble in benzene and dichloroethane, insoluble in petroleum ether. The preparation is brown, viscous and strongly acidic liquid, and the specific gravity is about 1.2-1.3 ~ PH1. At room temperature and below PH3, ethylene is relatively stable, almost no ethylene is released, and ethylene will be decomposed above PH4.0. The release rate of ethylene increases with the increase of temperature and PH value. Ethephon in alkaline boiling water bath 40min will all decompose, releasing ethylene, chloride and phosphate. Toxicity: acute oral LD50 of white rats is 4229mg/kg. Application: promote adventitious root formation, stem thickening, break dormancy, induce flowering, control sex differentiation of flower organs, make melons bloom more male flowers, improve ripening, promote fruit ripening, promote senescence and shedding. 8. The properties of zeatin: there are cis and trans isomers of zeatin, and trans zeatin has strong biological activity. Trans zeatin is white needle crystal. The melting point is 208210 ℃. Soluble in water and ethylene glycol. Application: 1. Promote callus germination (must be combined with auxin), concentration 1ppm. 2. Promote fruit setting, zeatin 100ppm + gibberellin 500ppm + naphthylacetic acid 20ppm, spray fruit 10,25,40 days after anthesis. 3. Spraying leafy vegetables with 20ppm can delay the yellowing of leaves. In addition, the seed treatment of some crops can promote germination, and seedling treatment can promote growth. 9. KT molecular formula: C10H9N5O molecular weight: 215.22 Properties: pure white solid, melting point is 265266 ℃, soluble in strong acid, alkali and glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethanol, butanol, acetone, ether, insoluble in water. In configuration, it is first dissolved in a small amount of ethanol or acid, and then diluted to the desired concentration with water. Uses: cytokinin is mainly used in tissue culture, promoting cell division and regulating cell differentiation, delaying organ senescence and keeping fruits and vegetables fresh. 10. 6-benzylaminoadenine (6-BA) 11, CPPU,KT-30 Molecular Formula: C12H10CLN3O Molecular weight: 247.68 Properties: White crystal, melting point 171173Applicative: it is a kind of phenylurea plant growth regulator with cytokinin activity, widely used in agriculture, horticulture and fruit trees, promoting cell division, promoting cell expansion and elongation, promoting fruit hypertrophy and so on. 12. CCC properties: the pure product is white rhombic crystal, soluble in water, insoluble in benzene, xylene, ethanol, ether, slightly soluble in dichloroethane and isopropanol. It is stable in neutral or acidic medium and unstable in alkaline medium. When mixed with alkali, it will decompose and fail. Toxicity: oral LD50 was 670mg/kg in male rats and 1020mg/kg in female rats. Application: inhibit cell elongation but not cell division, inhibit stem growth without inhibiting the development of sexual organs. 13. Butyryl hydrazide (B9) molecular formula: C6H12N2O3 molecular weight: 160.17 property: soluble in water, easy to be decomposed by microorganisms in soil, stable in plants. Application: inhibit the biosynthesis of auxin and gibberellin. Make the plant dwarf, the leaves green and thick, enhance stress resistance, promote fruit coloring and prolong storage life. 14. PP333 chemical name of paclobutrazol: (2RSMagol 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-dimethyl-2-(1-methylidene)-3-pentanol Molecular Formula: C15H20N3OCL Molecular weight: 293.5 Properties: White crystal, melting point 165166 ℃. Solubility: water 35mg/L, methanol 15%, acetone 11%, dimethanol 6%. The pure product is stable for more than 6 months when it is below 25 ℃. The dilute solution is stable at any PH value and stable to light. Toxicity: low toxicity to mammals, acute oral LD50 for 1500mg/kg and acute subcutaneous injection of LD50 for 1100mg/kg in rats. It is slightly irritating to the skin of rats, moderately toxic to rabbits and low toxic to birds, fish and invertebrates. Application: delay the elongation of plant stem and the expansion of sap branches and leaves, inhibit cell growth, and have bactericidal effect. 15. Molecular formula: C7H18CLN molecular weight: 149.7 Properties: pure white crystal, soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. Inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin. Application: dwarfing plants, improving assimilation ability, promoting maturity, increasing yield, easy to decompose in soil, good foliar spraying. 16. Abscisic acid (ABA) molecular formula: C15H20O4 molecular weight: 264.3 properties: insoluble in water, benzene and volatile oil. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, etc., but also soluble in sodium bicarbonate solution. 17. MH molecular formula: C4H4N2O2 molecular weight: 112.09 Properties: White crystal, melting point > 296ApplicationApplication: it can be used to inhibit the growth of lawns, hedges and trees, inhibit the sprouting of carrots, beets, potatoes, onions and cabbages, and inhibit the growth of axillary buds of tobacco. It can also control weeds when mixed with 2mae4MeiD. 18, triiodobenzene potassium acid molecular formula: C7H2O2I3 molecular weight: 500.92 properties: insoluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, toluene and so on. It can hinder the transport of auxin in the body. Use: inhibit the growth of stem tip, promote axillary bud germination, make plant more branches, increase the number of flowers and seeds. 19. Molecular formula of triacontanol: C30H62O molecular weight: 438 properties: insoluble in water, soluble in ether, chloroform, dichloromethane. Can be used for chloroform, Tween 20 (or 80) to make cream use. It is stable to light, air, heat and alkali. The efficacy is related to the purity and particle fineness of the drug. After adding calcium chloride (10-3MOL/L), the effect is remarkable and stable. Uses: promote photosynthesis, improve nitrogen nutrition, enhance stress resistance. 20. Brassinolide molecular formula: C28H48O6 molecular weight: 480brassinolide (BR) OH property: melting point 274-275℃, soluble in water. Purpose: to promote cell division and elongation, enhance resistance and improve seed setting rate. Chemical name: p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid molecular formula: C8H7CLO3 molecular weight: 186.59 property: pure product is white crystal, slightly irritating odor, melting point 157158 ℃, slightly soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents, can dissolve in hot water, stable properties. Toxicity: low toxicity to human. Acute oral LD50 of rats is 2000mg/kg, and acute oral toxicity of mice is 1960mg/kg. Uses: P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is a phenoxy plant growth regulator with auxin activity, which is absorbed by plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Prevent tomato and other eggplant fruit vegetables from falling flowers and fruits, inhibit legume rooting, promote fruit development, form seedless fruits, mature early, increase yield, improve quality and so on. Click to view more regulator use technology click to view more pesticide use technology