Standardized High quality production and cultivation techniques of Maize

I. seed selection and treatment

1. Variety selection: according to the ecological environment conditions of this area, the excellent varieties with high yield, high quality, strong adaptability and disease resistance and 150 ℃ less accumulated temperature during the growth period should be selected.

2. Seed coating and seed dressing:

⑴, in the areas where the underground pests are serious and the incidence of maize head smut is mild (the incidence rate is less than 5%), you can dry seed, or you can choose "Jack" to mix the seeds, and then coat the seeds with Fuer Yuebao (the proportion of medicine seeds is 1:70). When the corn sprouts "twist the mouth", you can coat the seeds with Fuer Yusuibao (the proportion of medicine is 1: 75: 80).

⑵, in the areas where the underground pests are serious and the incidence of maize head smut is also serious (the incidence rate is more than 5%), seeds should be mixed with "Jack" and then coated with Fuer Yusuibao. At the same time, 2kg of zinc parathion granules should be used every 667m2 to go to the ground with seed fertilizer.

⑶, in the areas where the underground pests are light and the incidence of maize head smut is serious (the incidence rate is more than 5%), different measures should be taken according to different conditions: in dry direct seeding areas, 2% Likexiu seed dressing agent or 25% vermicellin wettable powder can be selected, and seed should be mixed according to 0.3-0.4% of seed quality. In the area of accelerating germination and sitting on water seeds, the "Jack" can be used to accelerate the germination of the seeds, dry the seeds, and then mix the seeds with 2% Likexiu according to 0.3% of the seed quality.

⑷, bacterial fertilizer seed dressing: generally, every hectare can be mixed with Fuer "Jack" 500ml and Fuer billion raw bacterial fertilizer 1500 ml.

Land selection, stubble selection and ploughing and soil preparation

⑴, land selection: corn should choose plots with deep plough layer, high fertility and good drainage for water and fertilizer conservation. Generally, it is appropriate to choose good pre-fertilizer stubble for planting soybean, wheat, potato, corn and so on.

⑵, ploughing and soil preparation: the soil tillage system of loosening, ploughing and harrowing should be implemented on the basis of subsoiling, ploughing and ploughing once every 3 years.

⑶, Autumn turning and Autumn soil preparation: the ploughing depth is generally 20-23 cm, so that there is no leakage of ploughing, no standing, no bumpy pull, and timely ridging and fertilizer suppression.

⑷, rake, deep loosening and soil preparation: the original ridge planting is suitable for soft stubble plots such as soybeans and potatoes with good soil conditions. It is necessary to wipe out stubble and loosen the ridges first, and then ridge and suppress it, so as to strictly prevent running away from moisture. Deep loose soil preparation, first loosen the original ridges, and then break the original ridges to form new ridges, and timely suppression.

III. Fertilization

1. Implement formula fertilization: implement soil testing formula fertilization to ensure the rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.

2. Organic fertilizer: 3040 tons of farm manure containing more than 8% organic matter per hectare, combined with soil preparation or strip application; phosphate fertilizer: 75-112 kg phosphorus pentoxide per hectare, combined with soil preparation or seed dressing; potash fertilizer: 60 kg potassium chloride per hectare, as base fertilizer or seed dressing, but not in autumn; nitrogen fertilizer: 100 kg pure nitrogen per hectare. Of these, 30% were applied as base fertilizer or seed fertilizer, and 60% as topdressing.

Fourth, sowing seeds

1. Sowing date: generally speaking, it is appropriate to grab soil moisture and sow seeds when the soil temperature at 5 cm of soil stably passes through 7 ℃.

2. Sowing method: artificial germination should be used for plots with soil water content less than 20%, and direct sowing should be used for plots with soil water content higher than 20%. Precision mechanical on-demand on ridges can be used in ridged plots with precision equidistant sowing, so that the sowing depth is consistent and the soil cover is uniform. Planting plots should be suppressed in time after sowing; plots planted in water should be suppressed the next day after sowing; and plots sown mechanically should be suppressed along with the sowing. After the suppression, the sowing depth should reach 3 to 4 centimeters, so that the suppression will not leak pressure and do not drag the pile.

3. Density: the sowing density of corn should be suitable according to the variety. The varieties with convergent plant type are generally 60000-90000 seedlings per hectare, and the varieties with luxuriant plant types are 50000-55000 seedlings per hectare. Clear seed: according to the selected variety, it should be planted in strict accordance with the density required by the characteristics of the variety and the key points of cultivation techniques, so as to give full play to its maximum potential for yield increase.

V. Field management

1. Field inspection to replenish seedlings: timely check germination before emergence. If powdery seeds or rotten buds are found, prepare ready seedlings; replant seedlings in time after emergence. When the corn has 3 or 4 leaves, the weak seedlings, diseased seedlings and seedlings should be removed, and the seedlings should be fixed equidistant once.

2. Prenatal deep loosening: after the emergence of corn seedlings, prenatal deep loosening or shovel ploughing should be carried out.

3. Beat the girl: beat the girl, that is, break off the tiller, save nutrients, and concentrate the limited nutrients on the growth and development of the plant. Therefore, the beating of corn should be carried out as soon as possible to reduce the loss of nutrients and avoid damage to the main stem.

4. Topdressing: corn topdressing should be carried out at the maize 7-9 leaf stage or jointing stage, with 60-70% of the total pure nitrogen per hectare. The topdressing site is 10-12 cm from the maize plant and 10-15 cm deep.

5. Spraying foliar fertilizer: corn foliar fertilizer should be sprayed 3-5 days before maize heading. Generally, 2 bottles of Fuer 655 or Fulvik multi-foliar fertilizer are sprayed on the top leaves of corn per hectare.

6. Autumn ridges: usually in mid-late August, autumn ridges are used to pick up big grass for 1 or 2 times.

7. Standing stalk peeling and drying: when the corn enters the late stage of wax ripening, peel off the corn ear and bract leaves to promote the early maturity of corn, carry out field precipitation and improve the quality of corn.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds

1. Pest control

⑴, prevention and control of armyworm, generally in mid-late June with Fuer Disha and other organophosphorus pesticides or pyrethroid pesticide spray control, can also be used to kill manually.

⑵, corn borer, at the end of corn heart and leaf stage (5% male), 2kg BT emulsion per hectare was used to spread granules or spray 450kg water. Trichogramma can also be used to control Trichogramma in the field during the full egg period of corn borer, with 225000 bees per hectare for a total of 2 times.

2. Chemical weeding

⑴, weeding before seedling after sowing: weeding before seedling after sowing can be used in the land with good soil commercial condition. ①, control of Gramineae weeds: 50% Acetochlor, 2250-3000ml per hectare; 905Fulhancao (Acetochlor, 2700ml-3750ml per hectare), 1400ml-1900ml per hectare; Metolachlor or 72% Metolachlor, 2250ml-3750ml per hectare; or 75% Acetochlor, 120g / ha. ②, control broad-leaf weeds: choose 50% methoxazine (70% secco wettable powder), 900 grams 1050 grams per hectare, 75 percent Baoshui dry suspension, 15 grams per hectare. For ③, to control mixed weeds of Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds, you can choose Fuer exemption (1500-2000 ml per hectare) + 50% methoxazine (400-500 ml per hectare), or 50% Anwei EC (Acetochlor + azinone), sprayed 3-5 days after corn sowing before weeds are unearthed, 3750-4500 ml per hectare. Or 755 hundred nongs (120,150ml per hectare) + 50% Acetochlor (1950 ml per hectare).

Note: in the above control measures, the dosage of water per hectare should be 400 kg to 600 kg, and sprayed evenly on the surface.

⑵, weeding after seedling: spray on stems and leaves at 3-5 leaf stage and 2-4 leaf stage of maize. 4% Yunongle suspension agent was used, with a dosage of 1000 ml / ha; 4% Yunongle (750 ml / ha) + 40% atrazine (1200 ml / ha) mixed with 25% Baocheng 60g; or in the corn 4-leaf stage, 22.5% accompany farmers (1500 ml per hectare) + 40% atrazine (2250 ml per hectare).

Note: in the above control measures, the dosage of water per hectare should be 400 kg to 750 kg, and evenly sprayed on the stems and leaves.

Expanded Reading: turning Golden Rice into Golden Noodle-- Corn Noodle processing Technology