Improvement of rape cultivation method-- cultivation with high and stable yield and low cost

After years of research and experiment, a series of improvements on rape cultivation methods have been carried out, and a good effect of high and stable yield and low cost has been obtained.

First, raising seedlings

⑴ selection of improved varieties: select varieties with strong growth before winter, disease resistance, lodging resistance, cold resistance, good yield stability and high yield potential, such as Yangyou 5, Yangyou 6, Dongyou 18, Huiyou 50 and so on. Shi Lifeng rape needs to be planted early, which is not suitable for this kind of cultivation.

Rotary tillage after ⑵ sowing: sowing from 15 to 20 September. 80 square meters per mu of field seedbed, 120 grams of seeds, 200 kg of manure, 2 kg of monoammonium phosphate and 1.5 kg of potassium chloride. Less nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to the health of vegetable seedlings and is easy to live after planting. Sprinkle seeds and fertilizers directly and evenly on the seedbed, fine rotary tillage with a rotary tiller, and shallow rotation should be appropriate if the soil moisture is high. After rotary tillage, there is no need for leveling and suppression, and there is no need for watering in case of drought, which can ensure uniform seedling emergence and no cluster seedlings. There is no need for seedlings, generally 100-130 seedlings per square meter.

⑶ moderate chemical control: 1200 times liquefaction control with 15% paclobutrazol at 3-leaf stage can significantly reduce tall seedlings and curved root seedlings, and live faster after planting.

2. Transplanting

⑴ transplanting early: practice has proved that rape transplanting early before October 20 has short seedling age, tender and thin leaves, high temperature, strong light and large evaporation, even if living plants are watered once or twice, most of the leaves will die, only heart leaves will be left, and there will be many missing trees and serious grass damage in the field. While transplanting from late October to early November, the slow seedling period is short, and the bolting before winter can be avoided, the seedlings are strong but not flourishing before winter, the withered and yellow leaves are significantly reduced, the incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is light, and there is no need to weed in the field before the year.

⑵ fertilizer rotary tillage into the soil: each mu of monoammonium phosphate, urea and potassium chloride is 10 kg. After mixed application, machine rotary tillage into the soil, no more fertilization before winter.

⑶ suitable sparse planting: after digging the soil moisture ditch, open the Chaoyang ditch for transplanting, and determine the density according to the variety, seedling condition, soil fertility and transplanting sooner or later, generally 6000-8000 plants per mu, row spacing 40-50 cm, plant spacing 20-30 cm.

⑷ with medicine in the field: before transplanting, the mixture of avermectin (or pyrethroid pesticides) and carbendazim was sprayed to prevent diseases and insects. Stop taking medicine before the beginning of spring.

⑸ does not water live trees: shovel seedlings deep into the soil when raising seedlings to prevent root damage and stem breakage, take soil on the root as far as possible, and dip the root with mushy river mud and grow with it. Choose to transplant in the afternoon or cloudy days, step on the ground after planting, and do not water the living trees.

III. Management

⑴ heavy application of bolting fertilizer: when the bolting of Chinese cabbage reached 3-4 cm in the first ten days of March of the following year, 15 kg of urea was applied per mu in Chaoyang ditch. Combined with weeding, flatten the Chaoyang ditch to cover the fertilizer and choke roots.

⑵ chemical control to promote strong: when the Chinese cabbage is 30 cm high in mid-March, use 15% paclobutrazol 40 grams per mu plus appropriate amount of carbendazim spray to prevent diseases and insects, promote strong resistance and lodging.

Mixed spraying of ⑶ fertilizer and medicine: a mixed spray of fertilizer and medicine was carried out at the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage, each time with 250g carbendazim, 150g borax, 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20ml avermectin and 50kg water per mu.

IV. Harvest

When most of the pods in the whole field turn yellow, all the pods in the main stem turn yellow, and the seeds change from green to brownish red, they should be harvested before 10:00 in the morning while the dew is not dry and spread out on the spot. After drying, spread non-woven cloth on the ground, thresh on the spot, and return the fruit shell to the field on the spot, saving labor and cost.