No-tillage planting of autumn potatoes covered with rice straw can save man-hours and increase yield.

Autumn potato can be harvested in December as a vegetable potato on the market, the benefit is better. The no-tillage cultivation of autumn potato with straw mulching can not only save labor and time, reduce labor intensity, but also prevent environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and increase production by more than 10% compared with ploughing. The main points of cultivation are as follows.

1. Select early-maturing and fine varieties

The effective growth period of autumn potato is short, usually 80-90 days. Therefore, seed potato varieties with early maturity, rapid tuber expansion, high yield and disease resistance should be selected, such as Dongnong 303, Holland 15 and so on.

2. Timely early sowing

Generally speaking, it is suitable to sow seeds when the daily average temperature is stable below 25 ℃. In the mountainous area with an altitude of 500-800 meters, it is appropriate to sow in late August, and in areas below 500 meters above sea level, the suitable sowing time is from late August to early September.

3. To accelerate germination and sow seeds.

When potatoes are sown in autumn, the temperature is still high, which is disadvantageous to seed potato germination. Sowing seeds without sprouting often emerges late and the seedlings are uneven. Therefore, seed soaking with "920" solution was used to accelerate germination 7-10 days before sowing. Among them, the small whole potato was soaked in 4 mg / L "920" solution for 20-30 minutes; after the big potato was cut into 2-4 pieces, the seeds were first sterilized with 1% potassium permanganate solution, and then soaked in 1 mg / L "920" solution for 5-10 minutes. After soaking the seeds, dry the water and use a sand bed to accelerate germination. That is, the indoor floor is covered with a layer of 4 cm thick moist fine sand (squeezed into a ball by hand, scattered at the touch), followed by a layer of seed potatoes, covered with 1 cm thick fine sand. After laying 3-4 layers of seed potatoes, cover 4-6 cm of moist fine sand and a layer of straw, and finally cover the film to keep warm and moisturizing. After germination, you can sow seeds.

4. planting in narrow box and deep trench

When harvesting rice, first cut rice with Qi mud, then dig the trench according to the width of 1.6 meters, the width of 15 centimeters and the depth of 20 centimeters, and at the same time open the main ditch and encircling ditch to achieve the matching of three ditches. When sowing, the seed potato is placed on the box surface according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the nest spacing of 23 cm, and it is in close contact with the soil. 50-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (45% of active ingredient) is used per mu, 7-8 cm away from the seed potato, and strips are applied between the rows. 1500 kg of mature farm manure is used to cover seeds per mu; finally, 1000 kg of rice straw is covered perpendicular to the box to achieve uniform light leakage and soil exposure. If you encounter drought after sowing, you should pay attention to irrigation to fight drought, and drainage and waterlogging prevention in case of autumn rain. Foliar topdressing with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea for 2-3 times during the growing period.

5. Pest control

The occurrence of aphids and virus diseases in autumn potatoes is relatively serious, so 10% of aphids (imidacloprid, Yuanjing, Dachong) should be used as early as possible to control aphids, and 5% Shiduqing or 20% virus A should be used to control the virus.