Key points of autumn sowing management of tomato, kidney bean and other vegetables

tomato

Tomatoes grow rapidly in autumn, and generally need to be transplanted within 15 days after pseudo-planting to the nutrition cup, it is best to transplant seedlings (tender seedlings). Pay attention to watering when transplanting, require wet through the soil layer, there is no dry soil on the surface. After transplanting, if the soil is very dry and the temperature is very high, a furrow irrigation can be carried out to reduce the soil temperature.

Tomato virus disease occurs frequently in high temperature, so it should be prevented several times. The method of prevention and control is to spray virus A, virulent, plant growth aids and other agents.

Although tomato bacterial wilt mostly occurs during flowering, seedlings are prone to disease in high temperature and rainy weather. The symptoms are that the leaves of diseased plants become pale and wilted, starting from the top leaves, which is very obvious around noon, and the leaves return to normal from dusk to dawn. After repeated for many days, wilting intensifies and spreads from top to bottom. Finally, the leaves no longer returned to normal, and the whole plant died.

It usually takes 3-5 days from the onset of the disease to the death of the whole plant, and can be prolonged for 7-10 days if the heavy rain is wet. Control methods are cooling, soil disinfection, irrigation of agricultural streptomycin, chloramphenicol or erythromycin is effective.

Green beans

The growth period of kidney bean planted in autumn is short, and the growth environment is poor. It is necessary to select the excellent varieties with heat resistance, disease resistance, strong adaptability, intermediate or short-day response to photoperiod, concentrated pod setting, high pod setting rate and early maturity and high yield. The growth period of autumn kidney bean is shorter than that of spring green bean, the growth potential is weaker, and the inverted branches are less. Properly increasing the planting density is beneficial to increase the yield.

Base fertilizer generally applied rotten organic fertilizer 3000 kg / mu, calcium superphosphate 40 kg / mu, potassium sulfate 10 kg / mu, should not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, acid soil should be applied with appropriate amount of lime. Bean topdressing in autumn should grasp the principle of less application before flowering, more application after flowering, and re-application in the peak period of podding, from light to thick, generally 4 times. Pay attention to keeping the soil moist in times of high temperature and drought. When kidney beans begin to draw vines, they must set up a frame in time to draw vines and form a herringbone to facilitate ventilation and light, and promote flowering and pods.

Due to the high temperature and humidity, diseases and insect pests occur seriously. Mainly rust and ladybugs, stink bugs, aphids and so on. Use chlorothalonil, powder rust Ling, dichlorvos, agricultural music and other prevention and control.

Chinese cabbage

The cultivation technique of disease prevention and high yield is the key to the successful cultivation of Chinese cabbage.

Select disease-resistant varieties and cultivate them with high ridges. Seed dressing and seed disinfection can effectively control soft rot, black rot and soft rot. The sowing time is generally 3-5 days after the beginning of autumn. Should choose to sow in the afternoon, so that the seedlings unearthed in the evening of the third day after sowing, after a night of growth can tolerate strong sunlight.

Seedlings should be interspersed, replenished and fixed in time. Combined with the seedlings, the weeding was carried out by ploughing and weeding in the middle stage of fixed seedling and rosette, respectively, according to the principle of "shallow hoe, deep hoe and no root injury by third hoe". High ridge cultivation should follow the principle of "deep hoe and shallow hoe". Watering should be combined with topdressing, the soil should be dry and wet in the early stage of heading, and the soil should be kept moist during the period of heading. Ten days before harvest, the outer leaves were picked up and wrapped with materials such as wheat straw or rice straw to prevent frost damage or mechanical damage before harvest. Mid-and late-maturing varieties try to prolong their growth period, but they must be harvested before frost.

Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as downy mildew, locusts, crickets and underground pests.

Chili pepper

According to the cultivation practice, the cultivation techniques of soaking seeds with chemicals, accelerating germination by changing temperature, and pseudo-planting can make pepper go on the market about 20 days earlier, increase production by more than 150 kg per mu, and increase economic benefits by 30%.

After soaking the seeds with medicine, the seeds were pre-soaked in clean water for 5 hours, and then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minutes.

To accelerate germination by changing temperature, the soaked seeds are wrapped in a wet cloth and germinated in warm places. The patients were controlled for 18 hours at 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ and 6 hours at 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ per day. Turn and scrub twice a day to make it heated and wet evenly, sprouting evenly and strong. Generally, when the germination reaches more than 80% after 4-7 days, the temperature can be reduced to 10 ℃ for low temperature seedling refining for about 7 hours, waiting for sowing.

When the seedlings grow to 4 or 5 true leaves, the distance between the holes is 10 cm square, and two plants in each hole are transplanted into the adjacent arch shed for tube culture. It can be transplanted in the field on a sunny day when there are 20 true leaves and 90-110 days of seedling age. Other management methods are the same as conventional.