How to use Trace element Fertilizer correctly in growing vegetables

Greenhouse vegetables

The growth of vegetables requires not only a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also 10 kinds of trace elements such as calcium, iron and boron. In the past, vegetable farmers often only pay attention to the application of a large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but do not realize the importance of applying medium and trace element fertilizers, let alone form the habit of applying medium and trace element fertilizers. Lack of medium and trace elements has become a prominent problem restricting the high quality and high yield of vegetables.

The growth of vegetables needs several trace elements, such as iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine and so on, but they are often ignored by vegetable farmers because of their small amount. It is understood that in most areas of the north, zinc, boron and molybdenum in the soil are relatively scarce and need to be supplemented. The lobular diseases of tomatoes, melons, beans, etc., are mostly caused by the lack of trace elements. So what are the symptoms when these trace elements are deficient, and which way should these trace elements be supplemented?

1. Boron fertilizer: boron deficiency in vegetables is obviously manifested in the thickening of stem and petiole, brittleness and easy division, poor root development, dark green leaves, light and deformed new leaves, damaged or necrotic growth point, abnormal floral organ development and prolonged growth period. Boron fertilizers commonly used in production are borax and boric acid. Boron fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and seed fertilizer. When used as base fertilizer in boron-deficient soil, 0.5-1.5 kg of borax or boric acid can be applied per mu; the concentration of soaking seeds as seed fertilizer is 0.01-0.1%, and the average amount of fertilizer used for 1 kg of seeds is 0.4-1.0 kg; foliar spraying should use 0.1% of 0.2% borax or 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution.

Second, molybdenum fertilizer: vegetables lack molybdenum when poor growth, short, green leaves withered and even death. The commonly used molybdenum fertilizers are ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate. Molybdenum fertilizer is generally used for seed dressing, seed soaking and external root spraying. When dressing seeds, the average amount of fertilizer used for 1kg seeds is 2-6 grams; seed soaking with 0.05-0.1% molybdenum fertilizer solution; the concentration of extra-root topdressing is 0.01-0.1%.

Third, manganese fertilizer: manganese deficiency in vegetables is mainly characterized by the loss of green and yellowing between the veins of young leaves, the appearance of small brown spots, and the cessation of plant growth. The manganese fertilizer commonly used in production is manganese sulfate, which is applied with 3-5 kg per mu as base fertilizer; 5-7 grams per mu as seed dressing; 0.05-0.1% as seed soaking concentration; and 0.05-0.1% as extra-root topdressing.

Fourth, zinc fertilizer: when vegetables are zinc deficient, the petiole is curled, the leaves are green, the leaves are small and clustered, the internodes are shortened, the plants are short, and the yield is obviously reduced. At present, zinc sulfate is the most widely used zinc fertilizer in production. Zinc fertilizer uses zinc sulfate 1.O-1.5 kg per mu as base fertilizer, but it must be noted that zinc fertilizer should not be mixed with phosphate fertilizer; 0.02-0.04% zinc sulfate solution is used when soaking seeds; the average amount of fertilizer used for 1 kg seed is 2-4 grams; foliar spraying zinc sulfate solution with a concentration of 0.01-0.05%.

Copper fertilizer: copper deficiency usually results in dwarfing of plants, yellowing deformity of seedlings and necrosis of apical meristem. The copper fertilizer commonly used in production is copper sulfate. Copper sulfate is used as a base fertilizer of 1 kg per mu, which is evenly mixed with the soil when applied; 0.02-0.04% solution is sprayed on the leaf surface, and a small amount of hydrated lime can be added to the solution to avoid drug damage to the leaves.

Iron fertilizer: iron deficiency causes green loss between the veins of young leaves of vegetables, resulting in yellowish or whitening of the whole leaf. Ferrous sulfate is commonly used in ferrous fertilizers. Ferrous sulfate can be mixed with organic fertilizer and used as base fertilizer. The ratio of the two is 1: 20; 0.5-1% ferrous sulfate solution is sprayed on leaves.

Greenhouse vegetables

Points for attention

Foliar spraying of ⑴ trace element fertilizer should be applied once at seedling stage and from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the water consumption is 50-60 kg / mu each time.

⑵ foliar spraying can be combined with spraying, and adding 0.05% urea at the same time can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency.

The soaking time of ⑶ trace element fertilizer is generally 6-12 hours.

⑷ micro-fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer for a long time, and it can be applied once every 2-4 years, and it must be applied evenly to avoid toxicity caused by high local concentration. Can be mixed with a large number of elements or organic fertilizer.