Cultivation techniques of Yellow Peach, a Peach of Health Care Fruit

Yellow peach

Yellow peach is rich in nutrition, golden, hard pulp, sweet and sour taste, mainly used to produce peach slices, preserved peaches, canned peaches and so on. Eating yellow peaches often can relieve defecation, reduce blood sugar and blood lipids, resist free radicals, dispel black spots, delay aging, improve immunity, and can also promote appetite. Compared with other fresh peaches, yellow peach has the advantages of long fruit period, high yield, long storage life, relatively extensive management and wide market, so planting yellow peach is a good choice.

I. cultivation of peach seedlings

1. Select the nursery site

Choose high-pit, sunny, loose and fertile land, plough deeply before sowing, apply sufficient machine fertilizer, and open a good drainage ditch.

2. Cultivate rootstock seedlings (peach seedlings)

The seedlings used in the production of Jinxiu yellow peach are generally grafted seedlings, and wild peaches are commonly used in rootstocks.

3. Grafting and raising seedlings

There are two methods: t-shaped insertion and bud attachment (this article focuses on the latter)

Advantages: easy to operate, suitable for large area grafting

2. Operating procedures:

① rootstock treatment: from the middle of August to the end of September.

Broken anvil

Cut the rootstock: cut off 2.5-3cm with a grafting knife on the smooth surface of the rootstock, and the bark of the branch with a width of about 3-3.5cm reaches to the xylem.

② scion treatment:

Select bud head: select robust vegetative shoot bud head as scion on yellow peach mother plant, remove leaves and retain petiole

Cut the head of the bud: make a cross cut at the upper 0.5cm of the bud to the xylem, and then cut the xylem up to the transverse incision at the lower 2cm of the bud.

Stick scion: attach the cut scion to the cut of the rootstock and align the layer.

③ binding and loosening

Bind the scion rootstock with plastic film tape, check the survival after two weeks and untie it in time.

III. Colonization

1. Dig planting holes: the depth of planting holes is 40-50cm, and there are about 40 holes per mu; 50 tons of organic fertilizer is applied in each hole, and calcium superphosphate is added to achieve a layer of fertilizer and a layer of soil; when the planting hole filled with soil fertilizer is at peace with the ground, mud is taken from around the hole to make a planting mound with a height of 40-50cm, waiting to be planted.

2. Open a drain

Set border width (row spacing) 4.5-5m, plant spacing 4.5m, ditch width 40cm, deep 50cm, perimeter and outlet ditch depth

3. Colonization: ① bud seedling (inoculated in September): full bud piece, thick stem 0.5~0.7cm, weak main root, strong lateral root, many fibrous roots, no root nodule. ② seedling (inoculated in June): the seedling is stout, the stem is thick 0.6cm, and the plastic shape has full buds 6-8 grades.

Disinfection: in order to prevent root nodules, 2 kilograms of ammonium water per hole can be used to disinfect before planting.

Planting: the time is carried out before sprouting in late winter and early spring, it is best to finish planting before the end of February, the planting depth is 3~5cm below the grafting site, the buds are sunny, and the living trees should be watered enough after planting.

Set up a support pole: in order to prevent the seedlings from swinging caused by the wind, insert a 50cm bamboo pole next to the seedlings and tie them up.

Cutting stock heart-picking: when the grafting bud grows above 40cm, cut off the rootstock in time, cut oblique at the top 1cm of the grafting bud, when the grafting bud grows above 60cm, pick the heart in time to promote shoot growth, and prepare for the cultivation of three big branches.

Yellow peach

IV. Fertilization management

The newly planted seedlings of ① must pay attention to fertilizer management within 1-2 years to promote the growth of seedlings, but thin fertilizer must be applied frequently. Young trees can plant some vegetables in the growing season of spring and summer seedlings, which is conducive to improving soil vitality and soil quality, but must not plant high-stem crops. From September to October, rotten organic fertilizer can be applied deeply, about 30 piculs per mu, plus 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer, but little or no fertilizer can be applied at the fruiting stage at the beginning of the third year to control vegetative growth.

② growing and fruiting trees (normally put into production) are fertilized twice a year: for the first time, it is called "postharvest fertilizer" after picking fruit in autumn, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the growth of yellow peach fruit trees, 40 piculs of pig manure per mu, plus 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer. The second fertilization is before and after the hard core period of the fruit, also known as "fruit expansion fertilizer". Generally, 40 piculs of dung or special fertilizer for yellow peach or 100 jin of imported compound fertilizer are applied per mu, usually within 3-4 days before and after July 10. Winter fertilizer is generally carried out from mid-late September to early October.

5. Water management

Yellow peach fruit trees have very strict requirements for water. During the plum rain season and the summer typhoon and rainstorm, we must open a good drainage ditch so that the rain stops the ditch to dry and does not accumulate water. During the fruit expansion period, the water demand is large, in case of high temperature and drought, drought-resistant irrigation must be carried out in time. In case of continuous drought in September, drought-resistant irrigation should also be used to promote flower bud differentiation, so that next year's flowering is normal, the fruit setting rate is high and the yield is stable. Summer irrigation is best in the evening or early morning.

VI. Fruit management

The flower and fruit drop of yellow peach is more serious, and there are three physiological fruit drop in the whole year. The first physiological fruit drop occurred about 15 days after flowering, and the second fruit drop occurred from late May to early and mid-June, especially when the young trees with early fruit began to hard core.

Prevention method: use wipe peach to press only long branches, do not fertilize before flowering, in order to prevent running; repair in summer, appropriate fertilization, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season, prevent diseases and insect pests.

The fruit setting rate of fruit trees is too high and consumes too much nutrients, which will cause fruit drop, so fruit must be thinned in time.

The appropriate time for "Jinxiu" yellow peach bagging is generally mid-to-late June.

7. Shaping and pruning

1. Main branch culture

The height of the trunk is about 40 cm, the three main branches are evenly arranged on the trunk, and the angle between the main branches is 120 degrees.

2. Cultivation of lateral branches.

Each main branch of yellow peach is generally equipped with 2 side branches, forming a "three main and six sides" skeleton structure, and the first side branch is arranged 60 cm away from the base of the main branch.

3. Arrangement of fruiting branch group.

After the completion of the skeleton structure of three main and six sides, other branches which are mainly used for fruiting are collectively referred to as fruiting branches.