Soil improvement following the example of Natural deciduous Grape Orchard

Grape

One of the main factors for the prosperity of natural forests is the return of fallen leaves to their roots. Branches and fallen leaves are the products of plant photosynthesis, which not only contain the mineral nutrients absorbed and needed by trees, but also the nutrition and energy source of beneficial bacteria, earthworms and other microorganisms and animals in soil. The annual return of branches and fallen leaves to the field can minimize the loss of soil mineral nutrients, maintain the original ecology of the soil, and improve the environment for the growth and development of soil beneficial bacteria and animal populations in the process of soil improvement. With such a constant cycle, the soil continues to grow and fertile. The conditions for sustainable development have been achieved. Finally, it promotes the long-term prosperity of trees and forests.

The establishment of orchards is a management mode with the goal of harvesting fruits. The growth, development and ripening of fruits are inseparable from the development of soil, the relative stability and balance of fertility and nutrition. The production and harvest of fruit trees only take away the ripe fruit every year, and only 3% of the dry matter mass according to the loss of soil nutrients. In other words, 97% of the dry matter in the fruit is carbohydrates-derived from photosynthesis, water; 3% is soil mineral nutrients-derived from soil.

In orchard management, the by-products of fallen leaves or pruning of fruit trees, including weeds, can be returned to the orchard in autumn and winter. According to the harvest of mature grape fruit 1000 kg, pure nitrogen (N) is 3 kg, pure phosphorus (P2O5) is 1.5kg, pure potassium (K2O) is 3.6kg, other elements Ca, which is basically similar to potassium, Mg is about 1/4 to 1/5 of calcium, in addition to trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and so on. For example, after we return branches and weeds to the field every year, in theory, we only need to replenish the mineral nutrients taken away by grape fruits in the soil every year. The nutritional status of the original soil can be achieved. In terms of nutrition, the quality of grapes is not inferior to that of previous years. According to the climate and soil environment of the region, the utilization rate is about 50%, that is to say, the production of 1000 kg grapes requires 6 kg of pure nitrogen, 3 kg of pure phosphorus and 7.2kg of pure potassium. According to the high-quality summer black, under the normal climatic conditions and normal management conditions, the yield per mu is about 750 kg. Therefore, under the condition that branches, leaves and grasses are returned to the field every year, the vineyard applies no more than 4.5 kg of nitrogen, 2.25 kg of pure phosphorus and 5.4 kg of pure potassium. Therefore, in the application of organic fertilizer or other fertilizers, the annual total should not exceed this amount. If the branches are taken out of the garden, it can be doubled, but the problem is that the more exogenous fertilizer, the greater the damage to the soil, especially the amount of chemical fertilizer.

For us grapes, the natural phenomenon of "falling leaves returning to their roots" is not only to supplement nutrition, but also to relatively balance nutrition, provide substances that cannot be replenished by foreign fertilizers, and at the same time improve the water, gas and heat status of the soil. The clayey soil in this area belongs to cold soil, which is not suitable for the growth requirements of grape fleshy root system. if we do not pay attention to improve the deep soil conditions, it will lead to the phenomenon of overgrowth and early senescence in the plum and rain period. physiological diseases such as withered ear, soft fruit, fruit cracking, falling grains and other phenomena will occur, so according to the necessary conditions for grape growth and fruiting, we must follow the example of "falling leaves to return to roots" to do relevant soil improvement measures. A few key points can be mastered:

1. After blooming in spring every year, the grape branches and weeds in the field can be crushed or broken the following winter, and the weeds outside can also be increased, totaling about 600 kilograms per mu. The root disk is covered first, and then the mixed soil is buried in the garden when the ditches are partially opened in the autumn of the same year.

2. in case of rainy season, the drainage in the garden should be strengthened so that the rain stops and dries, not only the surface water, but also the internal waterlogging in the soil. The drainage of internal waterlogging should be solved by the reasonable setting of hidden ditches in the garden. The periphery can be quickly eliminated by wide and deep ditches, which can reduce the groundwater level during the rain period, improve soil ventilation conditions, and ensure healthy root growth and normal absorption of nutrients.

3. In the rainy season, the temperature and humidity in the garden is high, and the harmful bacteria are easy to breed and breed, so the root disk mulching materials are treated with beneficial bacteria, such as Qibaokang, once every 15 days, about 2 times, and the concentration is about 300 times.

In a word, while improving the soil, it can be further combined with water-retaining agent, organic calcium and organic trace elements to balance the soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the garden and create a better environment for root growth and development. lay a key foundation for the healthy growth and fruiting of grapes.