Grasp the nutritional characteristics of various vegetables and adopt targeted fertilization

Fertilization for vegetables

Nutritional characteristics of all kinds of vegetables: under the premise of balanced fertilization, leaf vegetables need more nitrogen, root vegetables need more phosphorus and potassium, fruits and vegetables need more nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, due to the high yield per unit area, large fertilizer absorption and high economic benefits of vegetable crops, the amount of fertilizer applied is much more than that in the field.

1. Cabbage: this kind of vegetables has large leaf area, large transpiration and shallow roots, which requires high soil water content and fertility. The yield of these vegetables is increased by increasing the number of leaves and leaf area, so it is particularly important to supply adequate nitrogen. If the nitrogen supply is insufficient, the plant is short, the leaves are few, the leaves at the base of the stem are easy to wither, yellow and fall off, and the tissue is thick and hard. If there is too much nitrogen, the tissue water content is high, which is not conducive to storage, and is vulnerable to diseases. In the later stage, when the supply of phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, it is often not easy to form balls.

2. Kale: these vegetables include kale, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and Brussels sprouts. Because of the limited growth before the heading stage, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by cabbage is relatively small, but after entering the heading stage, the growth increases greatly and the nutrient uptake increases rapidly, and cauliflower has the largest absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Only by ensuring the coordinated supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the long term can the high yield and quality of cabbage vegetables be ensured. In addition, cabbage vegetables are typical calcium-loving crops, when the soil is deficient in calcium and the plant is physiologically deficient in calcium, it causes leaf edge dryness and affects yield and quality.

3. Cauliflower: cauliflower is sensitive to boron deficiency. When boron deficiency occurs, it is easy to cause petiole cracking or leaflet cracking or central cracking of flower stem, and the rosette appears brown spots with a slightly bitter taste. The solution is to choose "new boron" fertilizer for foliar spraying. At the same time, according to the abundance and deficiency of soil elements, timely supplement of molybdenum, zinc and iron fertilizer.

4. Green leafy vegetables, including spinach, celery, lettuce, fennel and so on. These green leafy vegetables have shallow roots, rapid growth and high planting density, so they have high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions. Their nutritional characteristics are that when nitrogen is sufficient, the leaves are tender, juicy and less fiber; when nitrogen is insufficient, the plant is short with more fiber, less leaves, yellow and rough color, easy to pick moss early and lose edible value.

5. Onions and garlic vegetables: including leeks, garlic, onions and onions. The nutrient requirements of these vegetables are generally nitrogen-based, with appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. For onion and garlic pay attention to nitrogen control, increase phosphorus, potassium, promote onion expansion, garlic bolting; for leek should be re-application of nitrogen fertilizer to promote exuberant growth and ensure the yield of the next crop.