Several new technologies worth popularizing in wheat and corn production

Harvest wheat

In recent years, some new technologies have been popularized in wheat and corn production, such as "one prevention and double reduction" technology, "one spray three prevention" technology, and "one increase and four changes" technology, which are introduced as follows.

1. Corn "one Prevention and double reduction" Technology

The technology of "one prevention and double reduction" is an advanced and practical new technology summarized and popularized by Shandong Plant Protection Station. It means that insecticides and fungicides are mixed in the period of maize trumpet mouth to control diseases and insect pests at one time, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the base number of pests and reducing the harm degree of diseases in the later stage of maize growth, so as to ensure the yield and income of corn. The main pests in the later stage of corn were corn borer, cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, leaf mite and corn ear aphid, and the main diseases in the later stage of corn were large (small) spot, Curvularia leaf spot, southern rust, bacterial wilt and so on.

The late stage of maize is the season of frequent occurrence of all kinds of diseases and insect pests, but it is difficult to control. To control the occurrence and harm of diseases and insect pests in the later stage of corn, the trumpet period is the key period of pesticide application. 667 square meters can be used with pesticide 50% phoxim EC 20 ml, or 1.8% avermectin EC 10 ml, or 5% methamectin EC 10 ml, and so on. Fungicides are prevented and treated with 80 grams of 70% carbendazim wettable powder, 30 grams of 12.5% uniconazole wettable powder, or 50 grams of triadimefon EC.

two。 Wheat "one spray and three Prevention" Technology

The technology of "one spray and three prevention" of wheat is different according to the different degree of damage caused by various natural disasters in different wheat producing areas, and the key difference lies in the spraying period and control objects. There is a saying that "one spray and three prevention" of wheat is the use of pesticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, foliar fertilizers, micro-fertilizers and other mixed agents during the growing period of wheat to prevent diseases and insect pests, dry and hot wind, lodging, grain and weight gain. A key technical measure to ensure the increase of wheat production. Another saying: wheat "…" Spraying "three prevention" is a key measure to use mixed spraying of pesticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators and micro-fertilizers at wheat heading stage to achieve the effect of preventing diseases and pests, preventing dry and hot wind, preventing premature senescence, increasing grain weight and ensuring the yield and income of wheat.

In the middle and later period of wheat growth, it is a mixed period of stripe (leaf) rust, powdery mildew, scab and ear aphid, and there is both dry and hot wind. Aphid control agents plus disease control agents and yield increasing agents resistant to dry and hot wind can be selected, that is, 30 grams of 50% aldicarb wettable powder, or 4.5% cypermethrin EC or 20 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per 667 square meters (1 mu). Add 12.5% diniconazole wettable powder 30 g, or 25% tebuconazole wettable powder 20-30 g, 50% triadimefon EC 50 g or 70% carbendazim wettable powder 50 g, add 100 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spray 30 kg water evenly.

3. The technology of "one increase and four changes" of summer corn

The core of the technology of "one increase and four changes" of summer corn is to reasonably increase planting density, change density-tolerant varieties, change interplanting to direct seeding, change extensive fertilizer to formula fertilization, and change manual operation to mechanized operation. The supporting techniques include appropriate late harvest, seed coating, straw returning to the field, pollution-free integrated control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, disaster response and so on.

Reasonably increasing planting density is the core of the technical core of "one increase and four changes". To determine the reasonable density, the cultivation conditions should be comprehensively considered: first, the density tolerance of the variety should be considered, which should be matched with the characteristics of the variety, and the second is to adapt to the yield index, production conditions and cultivation level. In general, the density compact variety in the field is 4200-4800 plants per 667m2.

Replanting density-tolerant varieties is the basis for implementing the technology of "one increase and four changes". At present, the main varieties with larger planting area or better promotion prospects are: Zhengdan 958, Jundan 20, Liaoyu 20, Shenzhou 158, Denghai 605, Nonghua 101, Ludan 818 and so on.

Changing interplanting to live broadcast is an effective means to implement the technology of "one increase and four changes". Main technical measures: ① sowing in time. The best sowing time in Shandong Province is from June 5 to 15. ⑦ sows seeds with sufficient soil moisture. Sowing soil moisture index requires soil relative water content of 75%, depending on the precipitation situation to borrow soil moisture or timely watering after sowing. ③ sowed seeds in a proper amount. The amount of seed used for single seed sowing is generally 667 square meters 1.5 Lue 2 kg, which increases or decreases according to the characteristics of the variety. ④ line spacing and sowing depth. Generally speaking, the line spacing in Daejeon is about 60 cm. When using large and small rows, the large row spacing is 70-80 cm, the small line spacing is 30-40 cm, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.

Changing extensive fertilizer to formula fertilization is the material guarantee for the implementation of the technology of "one increase and four changes". The amount of fertilizer application was determined according to the yield index and soil fertility basis, and the fertilizer requirements were calculated according to the application of 2.5-3 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 3 kg of potassium oxide per 100 kg grain. In fertilizer operation, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer were applied before jointing of corn. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied by stages, seed fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, panicle fertilizer and flower-grain fertilizer were applied skillfully.

Change manual operation to mechanized operation to meet the needs of "one increase and four changes" technology. Reduce the stubble height of wheat and provide conditions for corn mechanical sowing. Improve the quality of mechanical work, pick ears clean, straw crushing length less than 5 cm. Agricultural machinery and agronomy cooperate with each other and strive to explore new agronomic methods such as machinery ploughing, fertilization, spraying and so on.