Duck breeding technology to make ducks lose weight.

With regard to duck cuisine, there are southern practices in the south and northern practices in the north. If you want to do it right, this ingredient is very important. As a result, people began to pay attention to duck breeding technology, and thin ducks are the most popular.

When it comes to eating ducks, you have to count on the south, and there is a saying that there is no duck in the south. From the hotel to every household, each of them will cook duck dishes, deep-fry and stir-fry everything, so the dishes, when you see each of their duck dishes, can be said to be salivating. According to the traditional production method, there are some famous dishes, such as salted duck, crispy duck, Duck Seasoned with Soy Sauce, and they still have the habit of cooking soup with duck in the south.

Skinny ducks are popular

Consumers' reaction is nothing more than two points, one is delicious, and the other is a little greasy, which gives a discount to delicious food. The annual consumption of ducks in our country is more than 3.5 billion, which is shared equally on everyone's head, and each person has to eat three ducks. The most common things are often the most important. Do not underestimate the fat and thin ducks, related to many people's daily diet, taste fat a little bit, people feel that there is always something wrong. In fact, our cooking technology has removed some greasy as much as possible, but the picky consumer still feels that there is still a little bit of fat, and there is nothing the chef can do to solve this problem. It can only be solved at the source of duck production.

Ducks are waterfowl, they are born to hoard a certain amount of fat, on the one hand, they can lose weight when swimming, on the other hand, they can protect themselves from the cold. There are many kinds of ducks, and there is a big difference between fat and thin. Then how to pick skinny ducks? To put it simply, whether the duck is thin or not mainly depends on the fat of the duck's epidermis. The less the skin fat, the thinner the duck. At present, the main lean duck breeds raised in China are imported breeds such as British Cherry Valley ducks, which account for 80% of China's domestic market.

Its sebum rate is 23% Mel 25%, which is currently a standard for lean ducks. Cherry Valley duck is already a lean duck, and people still think it is fat and do not buy it, which makes duck enterprises have a great headache. What is even more helpless for enterprises is that even so, the provenance of foreign ducks is still controlled in the hands of foreign enterprises, and domestic breeding enterprises have been controlled by others.

It's a little hard to make a duck thin.

When enterprises import duck seedlings, they spend a lot of foreign exchange every year. Because growing duck seedlings is too expensive, enterprises have to share the costs, and the downstream commercial ducks have gone up. What troubles domestic experts is that the provenance is controlled in the hands of foreign enterprises, knowing that foreign varieties are a little fat, but they can't get into it. In fact, foreign breeding experts also know that their ducks are still a little fat, but it is very difficult for ducks to lose weight. In fact, many people do not know that when they selected the breed, they even used China's Beijing duck. Beijing duck produces more meat, lays more eggs, and has strong adaptability to the environment, so Beijing duck is generally used as the male parent in meat duck breeding abroad. The Cherry Valley duck they bred reduced the sebum rate of Beijing ducks from 26% to 23%. The foreign breeds with Beijing duck gene were imported into China, which almost monopolized the meat duck market in China.

The provenance of Beijing duck is our own, but now we have to buy seedlings from abroad, and others always hold the neck of meat duck breeding, which restricts the development of China's duck industry. If we want to break through the monopoly of foreign breeds, we have to choose our own lean duck breeds. The sebum rate of foreign ducks is 23% and 25%. If our breed is thinner than it and can replace it, only then can the enterprise make money and people will be satisfied with it.

There are at least 10 or 20 kinds of ducks in our country, including Gaoyou duck, Shaoxing duck and so on. Among the many species, experts in our country know very well that the sebum rate of sesame duck is the lowest, about 13%. Although the fat rate of sesame duck is very low, it has been kept at home for thousands of years, which is not suitable for large-scale group breeding. In addition, compared with the performance of laying eggs, sesame duck is more suitable for laying eggs; as a meat duck, it takes more than 40 days to be fenced, but it takes more than 60 days for sesame duck to be fenced, so raising egg ducks as meat ducks has a long growth cycle and is not cost-effective. Since the 1980s, with the sharp rise of meat duck consumption, large-scale breeding farms and processing plants have developed rapidly. Because there are no domestic meat duck varieties suitable for large-scale breeding, foreign varieties have taken advantage of the situation.

In order to change the current situation that Chinese meat ducks have been dependent on foreign breeds, many domestic scientific research institutes and duck raising enterprises began to breed lean ducks a few years ago. In order to cultivate new breeds, experts choose not only male and female parents among Chinese breeds, but also excellent duck breeds all over the world. Running ducks from India and mallard ducks from Europe were all selected.

The new breed needs not only to lose weight, but also to achieve a number of indicators such as fast growth, laying more eggs, saving feed and so on, just like the results of the college entrance examination, not only a good single subject, but also a total score. It is conceivable that the difficulty is very great. It is gratifying that in the autumn of 2012, the lean duck breed independently bred in China finally broke its shell in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region.

The male parent of prairie duck is also Beijing duck, while the female parent is selected from several generations of excellent duck breeds in Europe and India. The newly cultivated prairie duck has more outstanding advantages than foreign duck. The first major feature is its high lean meat rate and low sebum rate, so it meets the needs of our and modern consumers' living standards, and it fully meets the standard of lean duck that experts have been looking for.

Li Penquan, president of the Poultry Branch of the China Animal Husbandry Association, said, "it is only most of the cherry valley ducks that are farmed now. its sebum rate is 23% and 25%. This is a new type of prairie duck that I have studied. Its sebum rate is 19% and 20%." If the sebum rate is reduced to less than 20%, you won't feel greasy. In addition, the new prairie duck has two characteristics: one is that the leather is solid and easy to raise, and the other is that the ratio of feed to meat is high and saves feed.

Li Binghe, vice president of the China Animal Husbandry Association, said: "the feed-meat ratio of the new prairie duck is 1.9: 1, while the Cherry Valley we originally raised is 2.2: 1, so this will bring great benefits to the vast number of farmers." A new lean duck breed has been developed, and experts are not relieved. Good varieties also have to be matched with good methods, because if the feeding is not good, the good characters will be reduced. To keep the sebum rate of prairie ducks below 20%, efforts have to be made to feed them.

Find breakthroughs in breeding methods

The feeding methods and breeding methods in the farm are also easy to cause fat hoarding of meat ducks. Modern feeding methods are basically the same, in order to make ducks produce more meat, it is often during the fattening period to increase the amount of feed. The fattening period is seven or eight days before the duck comes out of the fence. At this stage, it is necessary to increase the feeding of the slow-growing ducks, which will make the ducks produce too much fat. In addition to eating, it is also easy to hoard fat in terms of nutrition. Large-scale farming is almost always the way of dry breeding of meat ducks. as a result, ducks stay on the grid for more than 40 days, and too little space will result in insufficient activity of ducks. If you feed the prairie duck like a sesame duck and don't let the prairie duck have enough to eat every day, the prairie duck will naturally be thinner, but if the duck is fed in this way, the duck will lose weight, and when it comes out of the fence, it won't reach the weight target. Thin, is conditional thin, is in line with the standard of thin.

Let the ducks run.

In order to raise skinny ducks, technicians finally found two breakthroughs through analysis: one is to shorten the fattening period, and the other is to find ways to make ducks exercise. In this way, the duck not only meets the standard of hurdle, but also does not produce too much fat hoarding. Want to shorten the fattening period, which means that ducks should eat well and grow well in the first 30 days of growth. Technicians have changed the feed ratio, appropriately increased the content of protein in the feed, and reduced the proportion of energy feed. Try to keep every duck on a balanced diet so that the fattening period can be shortened.

Not only the feed proportion should be changed, but also the feeding method should be changed. If the duck is allowed to eat freely and eat freely, the duck will eat too much without restraint. In order to accurately control the amount of food the ducks eat at each meal, the technicians give the ducks a fixed amount of food. Li Xu, the technical director, said: "We adopt the method of eating less and more meals, such as feeding six times from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., and adding two meals at night. This is mainly to control the diet so that it is only 80% full each time. The other not only meets its daily needs, but also controls its fat accumulation."

By eating less and eating more, the fat hoarding of ducks is reduced to a certain extent. In order to prevent the ducks from hoarding too much energy, the technicians decided to let the ducks exercise and make the ducks lose further weight through exercise. Unlike wild ducks, artificially fed ducks are not athletic by nature. And when the temperature is low, the duck lies still when it is cold, and when the temperature is high, it always wheezes and stops eating, which affects the growth of the duck. In addition, it likes to be clean, and if the environment is not good, the duck is like a human being, unwilling to eat and not willing to move.

Ducks are not hot and cold, and the temperature between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius is the most suitable for ducks to grow, so they like to move. In order for the duck to exercise, it is necessary to make the duck comfortable. Technicians use insulation boards to build duck houses, which can be insulated in winter and summer. At the same time, under the grid where ducks live, they have designed a secret weapon, that is, geothermal pipes. This has two functions, one winter when connected to hot water, just like our heating, it heats up. The duck sleeps on the geothermal pipe, which is as comfortable as sleeping on the hot Kang in our countryside. We need to use it to adjust the temperature in summer. after we connect it with cold water, we can cool down the duck house.

The temperature is suitable, and the environmental hygiene is still good. In order to keep the air fresh in the duck house, the technicians installed a total of six fans on the skylight and both ends of the duck house to ventilate the duck house. When ducks live in a comfortable place, they are willing to move one step east and one step west. But this kind of spontaneous behavior, the amount of exercise is still too small. Through careful observation, the technicians found that ducks have a very interesting phenomenon when eating and drinking water.

The duck drinks two or three mouthfuls of water, then eats two more mouthfuls of material, and immediately returns to drink two more sips of water, which is the same as when a person has finished eating dry soup. This eating habit of ducks inspires technicians to increase the amount of exercise of some ducks by placing dregs and water lees. Material trough and sink, three to five meters apart, can play a very good sports effect.

Don't underestimate this three to five meters. We feed it six times a day, and each meal it can run more than a dozen times. In more than 40 days, it runs nearly 10,000 meters, so it is extremely good for our duck breeding. In this way, throughout the breeding cycle, ducks not only move spontaneously, but also do not have a stress response. In order to make the ducks lose weight, the technicians also made great efforts on the feeding density. In the experiment, a maximum of eight ducks were made from three, four and five, and there was a lot of space when making three, which wasted resources, and the cost was too high for enterprises to operate on farms, and then when they were raised to eight, it had no effect on the efficiency and growth of ducks, but the amount of activity of ducks was small.

In the meat duck farming industry, there are about six and a half to seven ducks per square meter. through experiments, they have reduced the density to five and a half to six. Although only one duck is missing, the more space you have, the more exercise you consume. Newly bred prairie ducks, equipped with appropriate feeding methods and breeding methods, make the ducks thinner, taste better, and become more competitive in the market.