The quality of pork is better when raising pigs by natural breeding method.

As early as the 1940s, a new agricultural high-tech technology, enzyme technology, initiated by Mr. Shimamoto Keiya, a Japanese microbiological expert, entered the application stage in the late 1980s. Since 1992, experts and professors from Kagoshima University in Japan began to systematically study the technology of raising pigs in fermentation bed, and formed a relatively perfect technical standard. In 1999, an observation meeting on the application and promotion of fermentation bed pig raising technology was held on the farm affiliated to the Department of Agriculture of Kagoshima University. More than 1000 experts, scholars and farmers from more than 10 countries attended the meeting. Since then, the technology of raising pigs in fermentation bed has been more widely used. at present, this technology is being vigorously promoted and applied all over the world.

I. the principle of raising pigs in fermentation bed

The natural pig raising method is also called fermentation bed pig raising technology, and some are also called biological environmental protection pig raising.

The technology of raising pigs in fermentation bed is based on the principle of microbial fermentation, which combines indigenous organisms with straw, sawdust, rice husk and soil according to a certain proportion to ferment, so that the organic matter in pig manure and urine can be fully decomposed and transformed under the action of microorganisms, so as to achieve no discharge, no pollution and no odor, and thoroughly solve the problem of environmental pollution in large-scale pig farms.

Second, the advantages of raising pigs in fermentation bed.

Zero emission, no odor, no pollution; optimize the environment, reduce the incidence, reduce the use of drugs; save labor and effort, improve efficiency; save water, electricity, coal, feed, reduce feeding costs; reduce the use of additives and improve the quality of animal products.

Third, the design of pig house for raising pigs in fermentation bed.

1. Pig houses: the newly-built single-row pig houses are generally 4-6 meters wide, 8-20 meters long, 2-2.5 meters high and 3.5 meters high. Facing south, the roof is covered with materials with good thermal insulation performance to facilitate thermal insulation in winter and summer. The window of the pig house should be larger, so that the sun can illuminate the whole pig bed area of more than 1/3, so that the interior of the pig house can be lit enough, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the cushion.

2. Pigsty: the net area of a single pen is about 25 square meters, and about 20 pigs can be raised. Generally, each pig covers an area of 0.8 square meters and 1.2 square meters. The above-ground type does not need to dig down, and the underground type dug down 50-90 cm. In addition, the bottom of the fermentation bed can not be poured with cement, so that it can be breathable and permeable.

3. Matters needing attention in the construction of fermentation bed pig house

(1) ventilation: windows should be designed for each pigsty (we have to design larger windows when we build the pigsty here). Open in summer, the front and rear windows should be open to facilitate ventilation. The windows should be covered with things when it is too cold in winter. Open it and get some air when the weather is fine.

(2) Sunshine: there should be plenty of light in the pigsty, and transparent shingles should be set up on the roof to let the sunlight into the pigsty as much as possible, which is very important to enhance the activity of bacteria in the fermentation bed. In addition, it can also prevent the fermentation bed from being too wet and affect the use time of the fermentation bed.

(3) fence: steel pipe and steel bar should be used, otherwise it will be easily damaged.

(4) Food trough: semi-automatic trough can be used.

(5) Culture density: it should be determined according to the actual situation. The density is too low, the nutrition provided to the microorganism is not enough, the bedding material can not be fermented fully, and the fermentation effect is lost. Too high density has a great impact on the fermentation bed, microorganisms can not decompose so much pig manure, resulting in wet fermentation bed.

IV. Production of fermentation mattress material

1. Selection of cushion materials

The important link of pig breeding technology in fermentation bed is the production of cushion. The bedding materials are generally selected as sawdust, straw powder and rice husk powder. The fermentation bed made of sawdust has the best effect, and the sawdust has the best air permeability and water retention. Instead of straw powder and rice husk powder, it must be dried in the sun and not too fine (at 0.5ml / kg). Another key raw material for the production of cushion is the strain of fermentation bed. Adding a small amount of corn meal, rice bran, distiller's grains and other dregs to the bedding material, the effect of feed fermentation is better.

2. The proportion and amount of cushion material

Cushion ratio: sawdust 50%, rice husk powder 40%, wheat bran 10%, Yijiayi fermentation bed bacterial liquid (starter) 0.2%, water 60-70%.

3. The manufacturing method of cushion material.

(1) centralized and unified production: this method can be operated by larger machinery, has high efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale pig farms. This method is usually used in the case of new bedding.

(2) Direct production in the pig house: straw and leaf weeds are spread on the bottom column by column in the pig house, and then the dregs such as sawdust, rice husk powder, rice bran and distiller's grains are mixed and used. This method is less efficient and suitable for small-scale pig farms.

4. Padding fermentation operation

The main results are as follows: (1) mix the fermentation mattress, bacterial liquid and corn meal and bag it.

(2) pour 20-30 inch sawdust into the built bed, evenly sprinkle the surface with a mixture of bacterial liquid and cornmeal, and rake. Pour in 20-20 inch sawdust, sprinkle a layer of bacteria and cornmeal on the surface, rake and rake evenly. Then sprinkle water evenly on the surface with a water pipe, and finally pour about 15 inches of sawdust, sprinkle a small amount of bacterial liquid and water diluent.

(3) Note:

* the amount of bacterial liquid should refer to the manufacturer's instructions.

* reduce the amount of cornmeal when the temperature is high.

* use well water or clean river water for sprinkling. Try not to use tap water. If tap water is used, it should be kept for 24 hours before use.

* the amount of water should be held in a ball with no dripping between the fingers. The ratio of general feed water is 1RU 0.7.

5. Management of pig breeding in fermentation bed

1. Fermentation bed management

(1) when the sawdust in the pigsty becomes less, the missing part should be replenished appropriately. In order to facilitate the pig arch to turn over the ground, the feed amount of the pig should be controlled at 90% of the normal amount. It is usually found that when pig feces are piled up, pull around with a rake to facilitate full decomposition. The ground should not be too dry, it should be kept loose and there should be no dust flying, otherwise pigs are prone to respiratory disease. Add appropriate amount of new sawdust, rice husk powder, sawdust and rice husk powder in particularly humid places, 50% each. Use a rake to loosen the stronger cushion and flatten the uneven surface.

(2) after all the pigs are out of the pen, it is best to place the cushion material for drying for 2-3 days; turn the cushion material repeatedly from the bottom, properly supplement the fermentation bed strain mixture, and feed the pig again after an interval of 24 hours. Feeding density: if there are too many pigs, the fermentation state of the bed will be reduced, and the feces and urine can not be degraded rapidly. generally, each pig covers an area of 1.2 square meters to 1.5 square meters.

2. Feeding and management

The breeding and management of pigs in fermentation bed is nothing special from the traditional model of raising pigs.

(1) vaccination should be done to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

(2) the deworming work must be done before entering the fermentation house.

(3) the size of pigs entering the fermentation house must be balanced and healthy.

(4) keep proper density: if the number of heads is too much, the fermentation effect of the fermentation bed will be reduced. Generally, 7-30kg pigs are 0.8-1.2m2 / head, and 30-100kg pigs are 1.2m2-1.5m2 / head.

(5) pay attention to ventilation: when the weather is muggy, strengthen ventilation in the house to achieve the purpose of heat prevention and cooling.

(6) check the growth of pigs every day, pick out the pigs that are too small and raise them separately.