Cultivation techniques of spring fresh soybean with high quality and high yield

Fresh soybeans are also called edamame beans or vegetable soybeans. Fresh soybeans are loved by more and more consumers because of their rich nutrition and delicious taste. In recent years, the demand for fresh soybeans is increasing, and planting fresh soybeans has become one of the increasing items for farmers, especially early cultivation and early listing to seize the market opportunity. The cultivation techniques of fresh soybean in spring are introduced as follows:

soybean

I. characteristics of fresh soybeans

Soybeans like to be warm. The seeds begin to germinate at 10-12 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 15-20 ℃. The suitable temperature for the growing period is 20-25 ℃, and the suitable temperature for flowering and podding stage is 20-28 ℃. The pod setting is delayed at low temperature. When the temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the soybean can not blossom, and the plants with high temperature will end in advance. Soybean seeds need more water when they germinate, and the water content in the soil at flowering stage should be 70%, 80%, otherwise it will increase the shedding rate of buds. The fertilizer absorption of soybeans before flowering is less than 15% of the total, while that of soybeans at flowering and podding stage accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer absorption.

Second, the main points of cultivation

1. Soil selection.

The root system of soybean is well developed, and the suitable soil for planting should be those with deep soil layer, medium fertility and irrigation and drainage conditions.

two。 Sow seeds at the right time.

The soybeans cultivated with plastic film mulching in the open field are generally sown in the middle and late March, harvested in the middle of June, and the wine can be direct seeded from the first and middle of April, with 2-3 grains per hole.

3. Reasonable close planting.

The planting of soybean adopts the way of small border and narrow row, the width of the border and the furrow is about 80 cm, the distance between two rows of holes is about 40 cm, the distance between holes between soybeans is about 20 cm, and the soil cover should not be too thick. Otherwise, the seeds are perishable and not easy to emerge.

4. Scientific fertilization.

Apply base fertilizer calcium superphosphate 150-200 jin per mu. The first fertilizer was applied within a week after soybean emergence, 30 jin of ammonium bicarbonate per mu and 30 jin of calcium superphosphate were mixed evenly, with 3 jin of water per load and poured in the middle of the border; the second fertilizer was applied every other week, 40-50 jin of ammonium bicarbonate per mu and 30 jin of calcium superphosphate were mixed evenly, and 4-5 jin of water was applied in the middle of the border. Soybeans were sprinkled in the middle of the border about 30 days after emergence (the first flowering stage). 10-15 jin of urea and 30 jin of compound fertilizer were applied per mu. In the future, look at the seedling to fatten up. One and a half ditch water should be irrigated to the soybean after each fertilization.

5. Field management.

When growing to two compound leaves after emergence, the soybean should be ploughed for the first time to promote root growth, and the second intertillage should be carried out in the later stage of branching combined with trench cleaning and soil cultivation. Attention should be paid to the prevention of voles at the initial pod stage, and attention should be paid to excluding stagnant water in the field during the pod filling stage to prevent rotten pods and ensure the high yield of soybean.

6. Pest control. The best way to control underground pests is to prepare holes with phoxim granules.