The whole body is covered with treasures-- the scientific breeding technology of sika deer

Sika deer

Deer of different sizes, generally males have a pair of horns, females do not, deer mostly live in the forest, feed on buds and leaves. Antlers grow with age. Deer are distributed in most parts of America and Eurasia. Among them, the velvet antler of sika deer is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. China has carried out a large number of artificial breeding, and live deer antler (will not cause harm to the deer). The whole body of deer is covered with treasures. Raising deer can not only produce pilose antler with high medicinal value, but also produce a variety of by-products, such as deer fetus, deer heart, deer blood (antler blood, painstaking blood), deer muscle, deer whip, deer tail, venison and so on.

I. varieties and physical characteristics

At present, most sika deer are northeast sika deer and artificially bred Shuangyang sika deer, Xifeng sika deer and Changbai mountain sika deer. The quality of pilose antler of plum blossom is better than that of other antlers. Generally speaking, sika deer are sexually mature at the age of 1.5 to 2.5 years old, and the suitable age for mating is 2 to 3 years old. Estrus is from September to October every year, and October is the peak period of estrus. The average estrus cycle of female deer is 12 days, lasting 12 to 36 hours, and the gestation period is 230 to 250 days. In May-June of the second year, each fetus usually gives birth to 1 litter and occasionally has 2 cubs. Sika deer have a wide diet, feed on the tender branches and leaves of various plants and trees and shrubs, and are resistant to rough feeding, adaptability, vitality and disease resistance.

Sika deer culture

II. Design and construction of deer farm

Sika deer like to live in quiet and secluded places. The terrain of the deer farm should be relatively flat, with a small slope tilting slightly to the south or southeast, so as to facilitate drainage and keep the deer farm dry. To avoid noisy and polluted environment, it is best to build on sandy soil that is sheltered from the wind, sunny, conducive to drainage, solid soil, good permeability and no pollution. Deer farms should be kept at a certain distance from residential areas and should be kept away from cattle and sheep pens in order to reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases.

Deer house is a comprehensive place for captive deer to feed, ruminate, exercise and rest, which should be divided into male deer house, female deer house, breeding deer house, delivery room, sick deer isolation house and so on. The construction area of an enclosure is 14'20 m long and 5'6 m wide, and the playground is 25'30 m long and 14'20 m wide. Such a large deer house can keep 20 males, 15 females, 30 bred deer and 45 young deer. Deer farmers can appropriately reduce the area of deer houses according to their own conditions.

The adult stag with high breeding value and high production performance should set up separate houses or expand the active area. The front eaves of the three-wall deer house are 2.1 to 2.2 meters from the ground, and the height of the back eaves is about 1.8 meters. There are ventilation windows on the back wall of the shed, which are opened in spring, summer and autumn, and sealed in winter. The floor in the deer house should be low in front and high in the back, and the lowest point should be 3-5 cm higher than the playground to prevent dripping water from the front eaves into the house. The wall should have a rear window, no front wall, the bed can be used with wooden bed, good thermal insulation performance, can also be laid with brick, cement brick or tamped with lime clay, sand and gravel. There are several kinds of brick shop, cement, sand loam and so on on the ground of the sports ground, it is best to take concrete or clay as the base, and then lay more sandy soil on it, so that the deer are not easy to dig, and the drainage of this kind of ground is better. The birth circle is built on one side or one corner of the deer house to keep warm in winter and sunscreen in summer, with an area of 6 to 10 square meters. In addition, there are ring doors, grille, passageway, fence.

The deer feeding equipment includes material trough and water tank, and the deer farm also needs to build feed processing and conditioning room (main equipment includes material box, bubble material tank, pot stove, water tank, coarse feeding fermentation room, breeders' rest room), concentrate warehouse (suitable for storing fine feed for 3 to 6 months), coarse material shed (storage of dried leaves, hay, pods and crushed agricultural and sideline products), silage cellar and common mechanical equipment.

The breeding of sika deer

III. Feeding and management of deer

Each sika deer in complete captivity needs an average of 350 to 400 kilograms of fine fodder, 1200 to 1500 kilograms of roughage and 0.1 to 0.2 hectares of fodder per year.

The main results are as follows: 1. Green roughage is the main and concentrate fodder is the auxiliary. Mixed feed should be mainly green succulent feed and roughage, and try to make use of all kinds of feed with low local price, large quantity, wide source and stable supply, so as to reduce the cost.

2. Reasonable collocation of feed. Deer have different nutritional needs in different periods, such as male deer need more nutrition than female deer in mating period and antler growing period, and female deer need more nutrition in pregnancy and lactation period. Therefore, in the process of feeding, feed supply plans should be made in advance, feed preparation should be carried out seriously, and rotten, moldy and toxic feed should not be fed.

3. Regular and quantitative feeding. The feeding times should be relatively fixed, and many kinds of feed should be given regularly and quantitatively every day, and the amount of each feeding should be appropriate. If the feeding amount is not enough, the deer will be hungry soon after feeding. It will not only be unable to rest quietly, but also affect the digestive function of the deer, so do not suddenly increase or decrease. Deer have developed sensory organs such as sight, hearing, smell and taste, and are extremely sensitive to the changes of external environmental conditions. therefore, the establishment of a solid feeding conditioned reflex is of special significance to improve the feed intake and digestibility of deer. In the process of raising deer, the time, order and frequency of feeding must be strictly observed, and should not be advanced, delayed or changed casually. In general, the feeding time varies with the season, but should be relatively stable. Under the mode of captivity, it is appropriate to feed concentrate feed first and then roughage, and the feeding times should be 3 times a day, 2 times in daytime and 1 time at night in winter.

4. Keep the amount and variety of feed relatively stable. Sika deer has a habit to feed, and the microorganisms in the rumen also have certain selectivity and adaptability to the feed. When the feed composition changes suddenly, it will not only reduce the feed intake and digestibility of the deer, but also affect the normal growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the rumen, resulting in digestive disorders and nutritional disorders of the deer. Therefore, the change of feed must be carried out gradually.

5. Adequate supply of drinking water. Drinking water must be clean. Clean drinking water should be added at any time when it is hot in summer and warm water should be drunk in winter to prevent freezing. Try to create free and random drinking conditions for deer to ensure adequate drinking water.