What farmers must know: general knowledge of prevention and control of animal diseases

Epidemic prevention

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's animal husbandry economy and the continuous increase of large-scale farms, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases has become a bottleneck restricting the development of large-scale farms. Because farmers' awareness of epidemic prevention is weak, feeding management is poor, coupled with frequent introduction of large-scale farms, high feeding density, and unreasonable production facilities, the incidence of epidemic disease in large-scale farms has increased, resulting in serious economic losses. Learning the knowledge of epidemic prevention and mastering the methods of epidemic prevention are necessary measures to improve the efficiency of breeding.

Several concepts that must be known to farmers

Animal epidemic prevention refers to the prevention, control and eradication of animal diseases and the quarantine of animals and animal products. In the narrow sense, animal epidemic prevention is to prevent some kind of animal epidemic disease. After vaccinating the animals, it produces an obvious immunity against the disease, that is, to prevent the occurrence of animal epidemic disease through vaccination.

Epidemic prevention refers to the preventive measures taken by all means to exclude an infectious disease from an uninfected fauna. Through a variety of isolation facilities and quarantine measures to prevent an infectious disease from entering an area that has not been contaminated, or through immunization, drug prevention and environmental control and other measures to protect animals from the disease.

Epidemic control refers to the prevention and control measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality of an infectious disease that already exists in the fauna, and to limit the infectious disease to local eradication. It mainly includes isolation, disinfection, treatment of diseased animals, emergency immunization or blockade of epidemic areas, elimination of sources of infection and other methods to prevent the spread of the disease in susceptible fauna.

Epidemic eradication refers to the eradication of one or more pathogenic microorganisms in a limited area and the adoption of a variety of measures. Through conscientious implementation of veterinary comprehensive epidemic prevention measures, strict legislation and law enforcement, timely selection and slaughtering of sources of infection, quarantine and isolation, slaughter and elimination of diseased animals, mass immunization, strict disinfection, control of transmission media and other measures.

The state in which some or some animal infectious diseases in an area or farm are gradually eliminated within a limited time by taking technical measures such as quarantine, disinfection, culling, or elimination.

Why do animals have to be vaccinated?

Mainly to prevent and control the occurrence of infectious diseases. The occurrence of infectious diseases must have three links: the source of infection, the route of infection and susceptible animals, all of which are indispensable. In epidemic prevention, if any link is cut off, the infection will be terminated. Vaccination is a means by which effective biological products (vaccines, vaccines, toxoid) are introduced into the animal body or injected into immune serum to stimulate the animal body to produce specific resistance. it is a means to transform susceptible animals into insusceptible animals. because injection is usually used in the past, people are accustomed to call vaccination as vaccination. Immunization in an organized and planned way is one of the important measures to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of animal infectious diseases, and immunization plays a more important role in the prevention and control of some infectious diseases such as avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and so on. Therefore, vaccination is an escort for the aquaculture industry, which can avoid the occurrence of epidemic disease, reduce the loss of death and increase the income of the aquaculture industry.

What is compulsory immunization?

Compulsory immunization belongs to the unified national epidemic prevention policy, which means that the state adopts a series of compulsory measures to prevent, control and control animal diseases in a planned and step-by-step manner, such as formulating a compulsory immunization plan for animal diseases that seriously endanger aquaculture production and human health, determining immune biological products and immunization procedures, and monitoring the immune effect.

Types of compulsory immunization vaccines for animals

At present, pigs mainly use vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and highly pathogenic blue ear disease.

Bovine foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Sheep foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

Birds have bird flu vaccine; dogs have rabies vaccine. The state also produces new epidemic vaccine according to the occurrence of different animals and different epidemic diseases.

Vaccination period of Phytophthora vaccine

At present, most of the vaccines used are polybacteria. immunity is produced 21 days after injection, and the period of validity is usually 6 months, but the effective period of Newcastle disease Ⅱ vaccine is only 3 months. Therefore, animals that are not out of the fence after the immunization period are equal to no epidemic prevention, and there is a risk of epidemic disease.

When is the best time to get vaccinated?

The country used to promote universal vaccination in spring and autumn, but with climate change and the occurrence of epidemic diseases, it is now popularized throughout the year. Piglets can be vaccinated against classical swine fever at the age of 30-60 days, first, it is in line with the immunity acquired by piglets in the mother; second, it is easy to operate; third, the immune density is increased; fourth, animals acquire the strongest immunity in this period; fifth, to prevent individual farmers from giving pigs vaccination and selling, resulting in adverse consequences.

Can pregnant female animals be vaccinated

In some places, there is a saying that vaccination of female animals is easy to cause miscarriage, which has no scientific basis, but vaccination of female animals in the later stage of pregnancy should prevent them from running randomly, resulting in mechanical abortion.

Can you not accept animal vaccination?

The State has clearly stipulated in the Law on Animal epidemic Prevention, the Animal Husbandry Law and the regulations on Emergency response to Major Animal epidemics that "if you are engaged in livestock and poultry breeding, you shall do a good job in the prevention and control of livestock and poultry epidemic diseases, and shall not do or refuse to do epidemic prevention work for the animals raised." shall bear the handling fee and illegal responsibility. Therefore, it is impossible not to be vaccinated, and it will be punished.

What are the consequences of not accepting compulsory immunization from animals?

According to Article 73 of the Law on Animal epidemic Prevention, the animal health supervision agency shall order it to make corrections and give it a warning; if it refuses to make corrections, it shall be dealt with on its behalf by the animal health supervision institution, and the required handling expenses shall be borne by the offender and may be fined within 1000 yuan.