Construction and hygienic management of dairy farms far away from public places

Dairy farm

The dairy site shall be built in a place with flat and dry terrain, good and adequate water quality, smooth sewage discharge, convenient transportation and quiet environment. Keep away from public places, schools, residential areas and slaughtering places to avoid the spread of diseases among animals.

Dairy farm layout

1. A disinfection pool is set up at the entrance of the dairy farm, and ultraviolet disinfection can be added to the disinfection room.

two。 The life and production area of the dairy farm is built in the upwind of the farm area, while the veterinary room, delivery room, dung yard and sewage treatment tank are built in the downwind.

3. The cowshed faces south and maintains the temperature, humidity and ventilation in the barn, which can effectively expel moist and dirty air, and add exhaust fans in summer.

4. Ensure the natural lighting of the cow.

5. The noise is controlled below 90 decibels.

6. The barn should have a good defecation and voiding system, and the clean road in the cattle farm should be separated from the sewage.

7. Facilities for the treatment of cow dung and urine should be set up in the cattle farm and comply with the standard of harmless treatment.

Hygienic management of dairy farm

Good hygiene can ensure the normal production of dairy cows. A disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance of the dairy farm, and the medicine in the disinfection pool should be changed regularly. It can put 0.2% Mel 0.5% peracetic acid solution or sodium hydroxide solution. A disinfection room shall be set up in the production area, with ultraviolet lamps and disinfectant for hand washing. The forage grass should be short, remove foreign bodies and prevent pollution. Clean the barn channels, floors and walls every day to remove dirt and faeces. In the field area, pest control and weeds are removed regularly to prevent the occurrence of pests. The liquid should not directly touch the body of the cow and the tools for holding milk. Breeders and milkers shall not suffer from hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, brucellosis and other infectious diseases and zoonotic diseases. They must carry out annual physical examination and obtain a health certificate before they can take up their posts. The staff's work caps, work clothes and work shoes should be cleaned and disinfected frequently, and the changing rooms, showers and toilets should be cleaned and disinfected frequently.

Epidemic prevention and quarantine of dairy cows. The dairy farm should establish a strict disinfection system, and the personnel in and out of the vehicle should be strictly disinfected; the cow trough should be disinfected once every ten days, the barn once a month, and the whole farm once every quarter. One hour after birth, the calf should drink milk for the first time, and at least make sure to drink enough milk within 7 days. Every spring, the whole population is vaccinated against non-toxic anthrax spores at a density of not less than 95%. All cows that were positive for brucellosis and tuberculosis were culled and buried in the laboratory. Introduction shall not be introduced from the epidemic area; after introduction, it should be isolated and observed for 15-30 days, and quarantine should be carried out during the observation period to ensure that it is healthy before it can be used for reproduction and production.

Standardize milking procedures

Rinse the cow before milking, remove the feces from the cow bed, fix the tail, wash and massage the breast with 40 ℃-45 ℃ warm water; the first and second milk should be discarded with high microbial content; milking healthy cows before milking lame cows; cleaning and disinfecting before and after using milk utensils After milking nipple one by one medicine bath disinfection, because just milked nipple hole in 1 minute-2 minutes can be closed, if there are bacteria entering, it is easy to cause mastitis. The whole milking process ensures a cow a towel, a cow a bucket of water, nipples are strictly forbidden to apply grease.