Peanuts need and fear water. How to correctly grasp the principles of peanut water management?

Peanut is a crop that needs and fears water. Peanut lack of water affects yield, peanut more water, resulting in "water yellow disease", easy to rot roots. Therefore, it is very important to do well the water management of peanuts.

peanut

1. The water demand characteristics of peanuts can be summarized as follows:

1. Both need and fear water

It is determined that every gram of dry matter synthesized by peanuts consumes 450 cubic 500 grams of water. The common peanut in the north produces 250kg per mu, the water consumption of the whole growing period is 290m3, and the water consumption of the southern pearl bean peanut is 120mu and 170m3 respectively. However, too much water, especially stagnant water in the field, is harmful to peanuts, resulting in "water yellow" phenomenon, causing overgrowth and lodging, rotting root death and rotten fruit sprouting.

two。 Less in two heads and more in the middle, that is, different growth stages, different water requirements, less seedling stage, more flowering to podding stage, and less full fruit maturity.

The flowering stage of peanut is the critical period of water demand, and the podding stage is the period of the most water demand. That is, the full flowering stage is the most sensitive period to water in peanut life, once the lack of water, affect the yield. The podding period needs the most water, in case of water shortage and drought, the loss of peanut yield will be great. Therefore, the two growth periods of peanuts should ensure water supply, not lack of water.

Second, the harm of too much water to peanuts

Peanuts need water and are afraid of water. According to the experiment, peanuts will turn yellow when they are flooded for 5 days at seedling stage. When sowing there is too much water, peanut seeds are forced to carry out anaerobic respiration in order to maintain life activities, producing and accumulating a large amount of alcohol and organic acids, resulting in cell poisoning and death in peanut seeds, resulting in rotten seeds and lack of seedlings. Excessive moisture in the mature period of peanut can easily cause rotten fruit or seed germination, resulting in direct loss of yield. The overgrowth, lodging, greed and late ripening of peanuts are also related to excessive moisture.

III. Principles of Peanut Water Management

According to the water requirements of peanuts, we should not only ensure an adequate water supply of peanuts, especially peanuts at the needling stage and podding stage, but also prevent excessive water supply from reducing the yield of peanuts. In general, the maximum soil water holding capacity should be kept at 50 per cent. When the soil water holding capacity is less than 40%, attention should be paid to irrigation; when the soil water holding capacity is more than 80%, attention should be paid to drainage. However, the requirements of peanut water management are slightly different in different growth stages. It can be summarized as "dry seedlings, wet flowers, moistening pods". That is, the seedling stage should be less, the soil should be properly dry, and the peanut root system should be deeply rooted and the seedlings should be short and strong; the flowering stage should be watery, the soil should be moist, and the pod stage should be moist, which can not only meet the needs of peanut pod development, but also prevent excessive water from causing excessive stem and leaf growth and pod rot. According to this, the maximum soil water holding capacity of about 50% in seedling stage, 70% in flower-needle stage, 60% in pod-setting stage and 50% in full-fruit stage are suitable.