Thoughts on large-scale healthy Culture production of Green Organic products

healthy pig raising

In the work of technical instructors of agricultural technology extension system reform and construction subsidy project entering villages and households, they went deep into large breeding households and found that the owners of large households in farms were depressed, the ideological package was serious, the market economy was stamping on the pig industry, one third of the pens were empty, and the owners were heavily in debt; some farmers had pigs full of pens without pens, the breeding density was high, and the market economy was not good, resulting in the burden of feed shortage; In addition, the residual problems of hormones and antibiotics in feed make consumers panic about the consumption of livestock products; the impact of malignant infectious diseases such as foot and mouth disease and pig fever, as well as dioxin and melamine in meat, eggs and milk production, resulting in "meatophobia" in some areas. The quality safety of livestock products has become a global problem that must be solved at present and in the future. Breeding production in farms is the source of quality and safety of livestock products. Only healthy breeding can produce pollution-free, green and organic animal products. Therefore, it is imperative to promote healthy breeding in large-scale farms.

1. Concept of healthy farming

The understanding of "healthy breeding" should cover the health of humans and animals, and its meaning should include four levels: first, the health of animals in the breeding process, which requires that the breeding environment, facilities, equipment and breeding regulations (feed quality and medication) conform to the biological characteristics of animals and are conducive to the healthy growth and reproduction of animals; The second is the health of breeders and workers in the breeding process, which should provide a comfortable living and working environment, and the management process of breeding facilities should not endanger the physical and mental health of employees; The third is the environmental health in the breeding process, which requires that the farm does not pollute the external environment, and the external environment cannot pollute the farm; The fourth is the health of the end products produced by breeding to consumers, which requires that the breeding process does not pollute the products, and the animals are free from diseases and drug residues, and there is no harm to the health of consumers.

2. Several misunderstandings in the development of healthy farming

2.1 Covet government subsidies and underestimate the threshold of pig farming

Many investors believe that raising pigs is a simple matter, not only low investment, but also government subsidies, making money is a stable thing, ignoring the scale breeding and traditional courtyard pig farming is a completely different concept. Investors in the ideological preparation is not sufficient under the circumstances of hastily launched, resulting in pig farm site unreasonable, pig house facilities do not match, breeding management lack of technical support, pigs are raised, but the source of funds is short, the capital chain is broken, can not continue to raise, the cost does not return. The most direct reason for the failure of breeding is the lack of concept of healthy breeding in thought, let alone the development of healthy breeding concept.

2.2 Pay attention only to how to save money, not how to make money.

Many pig farm owners are only thinking about saving money, thinking that saving money is making money. In terms of facility investment, quite a number of investors choose to buy equipment samples, equip pig farms with imitation equipment, ventilation, temperature control, sewage treatment systems, etc. can be saved. As a result, many pig farms began to transform facilities and equipment as soon as pigs entered the site, but increased construction investment, and the transformed pig farms could not ensure that pigs had a safe and comfortable environment. In the process of pig breeding, many people think that pig breeding is a low-quality job, so they do not pay attention to the construction and management of staff team, the boss does not care about the life of employees, and employees do not pay attention to the welfare and production environment of pigs; in terms of pig diet, in order to reduce costs, try to use low-quality and low-cost feeds, resulting in the decline of pig survival rate, growth speed and feed conversion rate. As a result, pigs are not healthy, people are not healthy, and finally the pig farm suffers losses.

2.3 Over-reliance on vaccines and pharmaceutical care

Many pig farm owners do not pay attention to the daily management of pigs, for example: do not pay attention to the drinking water of pigs, think that the installation of automatic water drinkers will be all right, do not pay attention to the height angle of water drinkers, water flow rate, water quality and other effects on the drinking effect of pigs, so that pigs are in a long-term "uncomfortable" state, resulting in insufficient drinking water and reduced feed intake, thus affecting the growth of fattening pigs and affecting lactation of lactating sows; Do not pay attention to the nutritional balance of pig diet, feed mold rot seriously exceeds the standard, resulting in frequent occurrence of pig diseases; do not take vaccine instructions seriously, under the lobbying of vaccine and veterinary drug manufacturers, put all bets on vaccination and antibiotic health care, vaccines and antibiotics have a certain effect in the short term, but with the passage of time, the more vaccines are used, the more diseases occur, the longer the health care time, the more difficult the disease is to control, once the disease occurs, the loss is very heavy; Without paying attention to the understanding of drug half-life, long-term use of antibiotics will form drug residues in pigs, posing a threat to human food safety.

2.4 Pigs grow fast is healthy, ignoring the social responsibility of aquaculture

Many pig farms only want pigs to grow fast and make money, regardless of the impact of farming on society. It is manifested in: firstly, in order to pursue pig growth, a large number of growth promoters such as hormones and antibiotics prohibited by the state are used in pig feed, forming drug residues and endangering consumers 'health; secondly, many pig farms only consider pig health and ignore the impact of breeding industry on the environment. Aquaculture has become the largest polluter in China's agricultural field, discharging 2.7 billion tons of manure and 10 billion tons of sewage every year. There are very few breeding enterprises in China that fully implement environmental automatic control. In the breeding concentrated area, the odor is high, mosquitoes and flies breed, the water body and soil are seriously polluted, endangering the living environment of the surrounding people, which also increases the difficulty for the sanitation and epidemic prevention of this field.

3. Countermeasures for developing healthy breeding

Departments at all levels should strictly control the examination and approval procedures: when large-scale pig farms apply for construction, animal husbandry, land and environmental protection departments must check and approve according to corresponding functional standards. They will not be allowed to rebuild.

3.1 Correctly analyze the market situation and calmly treat the government's supportive policies

It is a good thing for the government to issue preferential policies to support the development of pig industry. Investors should calmly treat the government's supporting policies and realize that pig industry is a low-profit industry with high input and low output. Profits depend on the market and good production management, rather than government subsidies. To choose pig farming, we must adjust our mentality, starting from the basic construction and daily feeding management, and avoid rushing to success.

3.2 Efforts to improve farm conditions to create a comfortable environment for pigs

3.2.1 Reasonable layout of plant area according to biological safety requirements, creating favorable conditions for disinfection and isolation work

Modern pig farms should consider biosafety issues from pig farm site selection and layout to meet disinfection and isolation requirements. Site selection shall be far away from villages and factories; living area, production area and auxiliary production area shall be constructed separately; production area shall be arranged in the order of "breeding-parturition-nursing-growing and fattening", and shall be constructed in different areas according to breeding-parturition area, nursing area and growing and fattening area, and green belt of more than 50m shall be set between areas; clean road, sewage road and pig road shall be separated without cross pollution; pigsty construction shall meet the requirements of all-in and all-out, disinfection room and pool shall play a role, and empty circle shall be reserved to standardize sick pig isolation house. Unreasonable layout of pig farms, it is recommended to adjust immediately, make up for it, it is not too late.

3.2.2 Put the condition construction of pig farm in the first place and create comfortable living environment for pig herd.

Whether the pig farm facilities can be in place or not is directly related to the health and production benefits of the pig herd. Investors should be willing to invest, in the roof, ground, wall, pig pen material selection, in the temperature control, ventilation, supply, drinking water and other equipment selection aspects, according to the biological habits of pigs to consider the configuration, but not simply consider the construction cost. The real best investment should be to control the pig farm scale according to its own economic strength.

3.3 Take disinfection and isolation as major events

Most pig farms disinfection, isolation flow in the form, there are many loopholes and errors. Isolation and disinfection should be taken as a major event in pig farms. One is to establish a strict disinfection and isolation system, so as to ensure that disinfection does not leave dead corners, isolation is merciless, and persistent implementation. Secondly, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between disinfection of living area and office area and disinfection of production area, the relationship between personnel disinfection and material disinfection, the relationship between inlet and outlet disinfection, the relationship between isolation disinfection of production area, the relationship between pig and empty pen disinfection, etc. Different disinfection methods shall be adopted for different objects. Frequent visits create adverse stress reactions to pigs.

3.4 Provide pigs with a nutritionally balanced diet of high quality.

Nutritional balance of high-quality feed, not only pig growth and development needs, the immune system also plays an important role. Feed mildew, can cause livestock and poultry death, productivity decline, reproductive dysfunction, immunity decline and other huge harm. In daily feeding work, pig owners can not simply consider feed costs and ignore feed quality, buy low-cost, low-quality raw materials and unbalanced nutrition of complete feed. Firstly, strict quality control system should be established to ensure high quality, safety and balance of feed and meet the nutritional needs of pigs; secondly, different kinds of balanced diets should be prepared, purchased and used according to different growth and reproduction stages of pigs, and it is forbidden to use multiple stages of one feed.

3.5 Provide pigs with adequate and hygienic drinking water

Water is an important component of organisms and one of the eight nutrients of pigs. Insufficient drinking water affects nutrition metabolism and feed intake of pigs. When building the farm, water source guarantee should be considered. When designing and installing the water supply system, water pressure, height and angle of drinking water should be considered to ensure comfortable and sufficient drinking water for pigs.

3.6 Do a good job in epidemic disease monitoring and formulate reasonable immunization procedures

Pig farms should do a good job of timely detection of epidemic diseases, combine local epidemic diseases to formulate immune procedures suitable for this field, and constantly explore and improve. For a pig farm is not the vaccine type injected as much as possible, do not copy the immunization procedures of other pig farms. Vaccines are not omnipotent. They can only be used in healthy pigs to produce antibodies and play a protective role. Therefore, vaccines must be used under the condition of ensuring the health of pigs.

3.7 Establish a production measurement and statistical system to eliminate pigs with low productivity in time

Production measurement and statistics is an important basis for production management in farms. Farms should incorporate production measurement and statistics into important system construction, establish long-term measurement and statistics system, analyze and evaluate pig herds raised from time to time, and eliminate low productivity and old, weak, sick and residual pigs in time. In order to reduce the treatment costs and feeding costs of farms, optimize population structure, purify diseases in time, and establish healthy populations with excellent production performance. To have the habit of looking for sick pigs in pig farms, find timely isolation.

3.8 Establish a standardized medication system

According to the investigation, the national banned drugs and most antibiotics have immunosuppressive effects, which will cause low immunity and immune failure of pigs, and will also cause excessive drug residues, which will affect human health through the food chain. In daily production, the frequency of antibiotics in pigs should be reduced as much as possible, and antibiotics should be replaced by green environmental protection drugs such as microecological preparations and Chinese herbal medicines. When necessary, a registration system for therapeutic drugs should be established to ensure that commercial pigs can be sold to the outside world after exceeding the drug withdrawal period.

3.9 Environmental pollution control to prevent secondary pollution of aquaculture pollutants

Large-scale pig farms must be equipped with manure, sewage treatment systems and sick pig treatment facilities, properly handle pig farm pollutants, and keep pig farms clean and hygienic for a long time to prevent secondary pollution.

4. Summary

Efforts should be made to improve the environmental conditions of pig farms, create a comfortable home for pigs and reduce stress as much as possible, which is the premise of healthy breeding; provide pigs with suitable high-quality diet and sufficient drinking water, so that pigs have a healthy physique, which is the basis of healthy breeding; timely eliminate old, weak, sick, disabled and low productivity pigs, establish healthy population, optimize population structure, which is an effective measure for developing healthy breeding; Strengthening disinfection and isolation, treating feces and sewage well, not causing internal and external environmental pollution, and cutting off the transmission route of epidemic diseases are the fundamental guarantees for healthy breeding.

The above guarantee is established in pig farms do not blindly develop, do not follow the trend, pig value is high, to the market economy is not down. No return to cost. Put an end to this kind of thinking, raise the consciousness of personnel to be healthy, finally rely on science and technology, moderate scale, pig industry can obtain good economic benefits and social benefits in the environment of micro-profit.