Key Measures to Improve the Benefit of Milk Cow Breeding

Dairy buffalo

After more than 20 years of development, the dairy buffalo industry with Dehong local characteristics has begun to take shape and has become a sunrise industry for farmers to get rich. It has played a positive role in promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income. However, the milk buffalo industry is an emerging industry, and there are still some problems in production, such as small number of stocks, low reproduction rate, low milk production, unstable milk quality, low economic benefits and low enthusiasm of farmers. How to effectively improve the breeding efficiency of dairy buffalo is a difficult problem for our scientists and technicians. after years of practice, research and summary, this paper puts forward several key measures to improve the breeding efficiency of dairy buffalo.

1. Scientific selection of dairy buffalo breeds

The offspring of the cross between Mora and Dehong cows are then crossed with Nili bulls, and the milk yield during a lactation period is generally about 1700-2000 kg).

Secondly, select the second-grade hybrid buffalo (the offspring of the cross between Mora or Nili bull and Dehong female buffalo, the milk yield is generally about 1500 kg). When buying dairy buffaloes, we should pay attention to choosing healthy dairy buffaloes with clear pedigree, good performance, no history of disease and good epidemic prevention.

2. Choose the appropriate feeding scale

According to the survey on the breeding of dairy buffalo in Quanzhou and Mangshi in 2013, the economic benefit of breeding is the best. the farmers with an annual income of more than 200000 yuan are the large-scale farmers who raise about 20 buffaloes per year, followed by breeding communities or cooperatives. the average household raising milking buffalo is about 10 to 20, and the average household raising 5 milking buffalo has the best economic benefit.

3. The proportion of milking buffalo should be appropriate.

Take 30 dairy buffaloes raised annually as an example, the number of cows that can reproduce should reach more than 21 (accounting for more than 70%), the annual milking buffalo should reach more than 15 (accounting for more than 70%), and the annual reproduction rate should reach more than 70%.

4. Control the investment of fixed assets as much as possible

In the design and construction of barns and silage ponds, we should proceed from reality, in line with the principles of economy and practicality, cost reduction and gradual improvement, try to avoid flashy investment as far as possible, and put limited funds into the purchase of high-quality dairy buffaloes and feeding management. The investment of fixed assets (barn, silage pond, straw cutter, land) in a dairy buffalo farm should not exceed 100000 yuan at a time.

5. Strengthen the feeding and management to improve the reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy buffaloes.

5.1 Scientific feeding, increase milk production and ensure the health of dairy cows

Concentrate feeding amount is calculated according to each fresh milk 3kg per cow per day plus concentrate 1kg feeding, the range is 1~4kg, no more than 5kg; then gradually reduce the concentrate feeding amount depending on the decrease of milk production; let cattle drink water freely; let dairy buffaloes eat green materials (such as sugarcane, corn straw, king grass, ryegrass, elephant grass, etc.), as well as silage and hay; feed varieties should be diversified to ensure nutritional balance.

5.2 increase the population reproduction rate

Correct identification of estrus is the key to successful artificial insemination of buffalo. Estrus identification one is external observation (cow behavior changes, accept climbing, etc.), and the other is rectal touch. External observation, not less than 3 times a day (morning, middle and evening), mainly observed the changes of cow behavior, libido, mucus volume, mucus and so on.

5.2 increase the population reproduction rate

For large-scale farmers (raising and milking about 20 cows), it is best to learn the artificial insemination technology of buffalo yourself, because you are familiar with every cow you raise, which is helpful for you to find out the changes in estrus symptoms of female buffaloes in time, and inseminate in time to improve the conception rate.

5.3 timely adjustment of herds and timely elimination of unqualified dairy buffaloes

Establish and improve the comprehensive production records of dairy buffaloes, and adjust the whole herd of dairy buffaloes at any time according to the production records, and timely eliminate the cows with low milk yield (less than 5kg per day), short lactation time (less than 200days), old and weak, sick and disabled, reproductive tract diseases, or repeated breeding without conception, so as to ensure that the overall conception rate of dairy buffaloes in farms is not less than 70%.

5.4 strengthen exercise and strengthen physique to improve the production performance of dairy buffalo

Through years of investigation and research, it is found that all farmers are good at learning, good at summing up, have a strong sense of responsibility, meticulous management, love cattle, and take milking buffalo as their occupation, and farmers are both breeders and artificial insemination workers. At the same time, the conception rate of dairy farmers with spacious cattle farms, large sports grounds, adequate cow exercise or outdoor grazing for more than 3 hours a day has been higher than 70% for many years. Individual good farms are as high as 800.90%, with high milk production and long milk production years, and the breeding benefit is very good.

5.5 strengthen the early breeding of reserve calves of dairy calves

By popularizing the early breeding technology of milk buffalo calves and reserve cattle, we can realize early breeding and calving of dairy cows, shorten the breeding time of reserve cattle, reduce the breeding cost and prolong the production life of dairy buffalo. Compared with the traditional feeding method, the bred milk buffalo has the advantages of good physical condition, easy breeding and high milk yield; at the same time, the first mating age of the bred milk buffalo can be advanced from the traditional 36 months to about 24 months; the calving time is also advanced from the traditional 48 months to about 34 months.

5.6 strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic diseases

Pay attention to the hygiene and environmental hygiene of the cattle, brush and rinse the cattle once a day, and clean the barn once a day. The environment is disinfected every 10 days in the dry season and every 5 days in the rainy season. It is required to be vaccinated and dewormed in time every year, and cattle with diseases should be quarantined in time and consult a veterinarian for treatment.

5.7 We should make all the records carefully.

Correct and timely recording is an effective means for the production and development of dairy buffaloes, and its benefits are mainly reflected in the overall and long-term benefits of raising dairy buffaloes, and the feeding and management of dairy buffaloes. Input and output to do systematic and scientific statistics, analysis, evaluation and summary.