Culture technology of yellow-throated water turtle, an excellent variety for both food and medicine

Yellow-throated water turtle

Yellow-throated water turtles, also known as yellow-throated water turtles, incense turtles, etc., are small and medium-sized freshwater turtles distributed in the freshwater waters of Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and some southern provinces and regions. The tortoise body is flat and oval, and the adult tortoise shell is about 15cm long. The yellow-throated water turtle has a gentle temperament, delicious meat and no peculiar smell, which is not only an excellent variety for both food and medicine, but also the best species for cultivating high-grade ornamental turtles-green turtles, so it is deeply loved by consumers. In this paper, the ecological culture technology is briefly introduced.

I. Construction of tortoise pond

For raising yellow-throated turtles, the pond should be built in places that are open, sunny, leeward, quiet, abundant water source and good water quality. the size of the pond can be determined according to conditions and culture scale, round, oval, rectangular or irregular shape. the depth of the pond is more than 1 m, and the ridge connects with the gentle slope of 25 degrees and 30 degrees. The courtyard pond can be paved with bricks and the four walls, then seamed and polished with cement mortar, the bottom of the pool is covered with 20cm thick sand, and a dining table with an area of 3 to 5 square meters and a high 70~100cm dining table and a place for rest and sun exposure are built in the pool. A 5-8 m2 spawning ground was set up on the bank on the sunny side, and sandy loam soil with thick 40cm was laid on the ground for turtles to dig holes to lay eggs. A rain shelter is built in the sky, and several flowers or vines are planted around it to provide a hidden and safe environment for turtles to lay eggs. The newly built turtle pond is first sprinkled with quicklime water to disinfect the whole pond, expose the bottom of the pond for 5-7 days, wait for the enemy organisms to be eliminated, then inject water, then sprinkle bleach solution to sterilize, discharge the water into fresh water, and release young turtles or species of turtles.

2. Feeding and management

The newly hatched juvenile yellow-throated turtle weighs only 3-5g. It absorbs the nutrients stored in the yolk sac in the first 3 days, and can be fed with cooked egg yolk or yolk powder worm after 3 days. After 7 days, it is fed with fine, fine, tender, soft and digestible high-quality feed, such as chopped fresh fish and shrimp, animal offal, fruits and vegetables, and potatoes. The feeding amount is about 5% of the total weight of the tortoise, according to the degree of 100min after bait. Twice a day in summer, once a day in spring and autumn, and once a day in late autumn, but the turtle should be fed with high-quality feed with high protein and fat content, so that the tortoise can store more overwintering energy as much as possible so that it can safely survive the long winter.

Young turtles usually build ponds indoors or temporarily raise them in pots and tanks. The containers are tilted and the water depth is 10~15cm, so that the turtles can choose their own habitat water level or dry place. The release density is about 100 per square meter. The young turtles were temporarily reared for 15 days or hibernated for 30 days and then transferred to the young turtle pond. If the baby turtle pond is located indoors, the water depth should be added to 30cm, the top of the pond wall should be eaves to prevent escape, the ratio of water to land area in the pond is 2 ∶ 1, the bottom of the pond is covered with thick 20cm hard clay, and the stocking density is 20 birds per square meter. Young turtles can be fed with plant feed such as duckweed or melons and vegetables on the basis of the formula for young turtles. From May to August in the peak growing season, the amount of feed can be increased to 10% of the total weight of turtles, and high-quality feed rich in fat should also be added one month before overwintering to facilitate safe wintering. The water in the baby turtle pond should be changed once every 3 to 5 days, and the water should be changed about 1 inch 3 each time. After careful feeding for 2 to 3 months, the young turtles can weigh more than 50g and can be transferred to outdoor turtle ponds when the temperature is stable above 20 ℃. The weight of young turtles at the age of 3 (that is, the spring after overwintering twice) has reached more than 250g. At this time, they can begin to inoculate Cladosporium tortoise to cultivate green-haired turtles.

3. Breeding of yellow-throated water turtles

1. For parents, the male tortoise should choose the strong individual whose weight is more than 300g, the body shape is long, the dorsal nail is larger, the round abdominal nail is sunken in the center, the tail is longer, and the anal foramen is far from the end of the ventral nail, while the female tortoise should choose the robust individual with more than 400g, round and thick body, short dorsal nail, flat abdominal nail, short tail and close to the end of the abdominal nail. The general requirements are individuals with good health, sound limbs, intact carapace, smooth body surface, bright eyes, flexible head, neck and limbs, quick reaction, and ability to roll over on flat ground. The suitable ratio of female to male is 2 ∶ 1 to 2.5 ∶ 1.

two。 The age of sexual maturity of yellow-throated water turtles during spawning period is 5-6 years old. They mate in the evening or dawn when the temperature is 20: 25 ℃ from May to June and from August to September, and spawn from June to September. July is the peak spawning period. The tortoise egg is shaped like a silkworm cocoon, the fertilized egg is round and smooth, and the egg shell is ruddy, shiny and does not stick to sediment. However, the embryos of turtle eggs are not fixed until about 24 hours after laying, so the collection of turtle eggs should be carried out in the afternoon of the second day after spawning. The spawning period should be cleaned every morning and the eggs laid late or early in the morning should be marked with a date label so that the eggs can be harvested on time. When collecting turtle eggs, one by one should be checked so that one end of the fertilized eggs showing the air bag cavity is placed upward in a basin with sand at the bottom or in a special egg tray, and then discharged in the incubator for constant temperature hatching according to the spawning order. If individual turtle eggs are placed for another 8 hours and there is no white translucent air bag cavity, they are unfertilized eggs and should be eaten or processed.

3. Hatching management juvenile turtle incubator is generally 60cm × 40cm × 12cm cuboid, mostly made of wood, the bottom of the box drilled several drainage holes, sand 6cm thick. Turtle eggs are neatly arranged in the gap of 1cm, the upper part is covered with 3~4cm thick sand, covered with a glass cover, and labeled with relevant data such as the date of spawning and the number of turtle eggs, keeping a constant temperature of 28 ℃ and a humidity of about 85%. After 55 and 60 days of hatching, the young turtles come out of their shells, and the hatching rate is generally about 90%.