The relationship between summer management and pear yield how to do well the summer management of pear

Summer is the period when pear trees need the most nutrition and grow fastest in a year, and pear trees are most affected by external conditions in this period. At this stage, pear trees have high requirements for fertilizer and water, and are vulnerable to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the management level and technical measures of pear trees in summer will affect the yield and fruit quality of pear trees.

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I. Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilizer and water management. From the last ten days of May to the first ten days of June, before the pear flower buds differentiate, apply a special fertilizer for fruit trees mainly containing phosphorus and potassium and supplemented by nitrogen once, apply 1- 1.5kg per plant according to the age and fruit number, and irrigate immediately after application. Combined with spraying, spraying 0.3% amino acid compound fertilizer on trees for 1-2 times. In July, immediately after harvest of early-maturing varieties, a dose of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was applied to supplement the nutrient deficiency caused by fruit bearing. For middle and late maturing varieties, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied once at this time. August, generally no longer fertilizer, only after the fruit harvest, dressing a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Note that after fertilization, irrigation should be appropriate according to soil moisture.

2. Soil management. Summer temperature is high, soil moisture is large, easy to grow weeds. Usually after heavy rain or irrigation, the soil should be loosened and weeded in time. Orchard with conditions, can carry out orchard grass cover, that is, after wheat harvest, with wheat straw cover fruit tree row or row tree tray, covering grass 1000-1500 kg per mu, covering grass thickness 20 cm. Pay attention to covering grass and pressing soil to prevent fire.

II. Pest control

1. Young fruit stage. The main control rust, black star disease, ring disease and pear psyllid, pear aphid, pear net bug, pear small fruit worm. One is to manually remove pests and diseases, bury them deeply or burn them; the other is to spray 80% Penke 800 times solution and 30% compound carbendazim 500 times solution to control rust, scab and ring disease; the third is to spray 10% Mitigation EC 2500-3000 times solution to control pests. If the pests occur seriously, it can be mixed with 10% Imidacloprid (aphid). Pay attention not to use Bordeaux mixture after 40 days of fruit setting to prevent fruit rust.

2. Fruit expansion and maturity. This stage mainly control black spot disease, ring disease, rust, fruit borer, boat caterpillar, rust tick. Measures were taken: firstly, tying grass on pear trees to trap pear fruit borers; secondly, spraying 80% Penke 800 times solution or double Bordeaux solution 200 times solution to control diseases; thirdly, spraying 10% Mitigation EC 2500-3000 times solution or 30% Tao Xiaoling 2000 times solution to control pests. Note: spray in rainy season can be added to the exhibition agent; fruit growth late do not spray bordeaux mixture, so as not to pollute the fruit surface.

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III. Summer pruning

Summer pruning aims to control excessive growth, promote flowering and improve ventilation and light conditions.

1. The normal fruit tree. We should comprehensively apply methods such as picking, breaking, thinning and pulling branches to strictly control dense branches and flourishing shoots on the back and periphery of backbone branches.

2. Topping, girdling and thinning. Combined with shaping, remove strong and weak branches on the back. The main branch is pulled and angled, so that the waist angle of the main branch grows at 50 degrees to ease the tree momentum, increase light and promote flowering.

IV. Fruit bagging

1. bagging period. Bagging is carried out 25-50 days after flower drop, and generally bagging should be completed before early June.

2. Management before bagging. On the basis of thinning flowers and fruits carefully, pesticides should be sprayed 5-7 days before bagging in order to prevent diseases and insect pests from invading pears after bagging. Usually 70% thiophane methyl 800 times solution plus 10% cypermethrin 2500 times solution or 5% abamectin 4000 times solution. If the bagging work is still not completed after 10 days of spraying, the unbagged pear trees should be sprayed again.

3. Bagging method. Before bagging, put the whole bundle of fruit bags in a damp place, wrap them with a single layer of newspaper, bury them in wet soil, or spray a little water on the bag mouth to make them damp and flexible for easy use. After pear selection, open the bag mouth first, lift the bag bottom, open the ventilation and water discharge ports at the two bottom corners, and expand the bag body. Hold the bag mouth 2-3 cm below, cover the fruit, fold the bag mouth from the middle to both sides in turn according to the "folding fan" mode, reverse the binding wire 90 degrees from the connecting point above the bag mouth, rotate one circle along the bag mouth to tighten the bag mouth. Note: Do not pull the binding wire down; the binding position should be 2.5 cm below the upper edge of the bag mouth; the relative position of the fruit bag and the young fruit should be as close as possible to the bag mouth, the fruit should be suspended in the bag, and the bag mouth should be close to the fruit table position to prevent the bag body from rubbing the fruit surface.