The causes of cowpea falling at home and its control methods

In midsummer, high temperature and humidity, drought, rainstorm and other weather, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, uncoordinated water and fertilizer management and many other factors will lead to cowpea falling flowers and pods, resulting in reduced yield and yield. Green Food Network introduces the reasons and control methods of cowpea falling flowers and pods to vegetable farmers.

Cowpea drop flowers and pods

First, the temperature is uncomfortable. The most suitable temperature for cowpea growth is between 20-28 ℃, and cowpea can also adapt to the high temperature of 30-40 ℃ in a short time. The most suitable temperature for flowering and podding is 25-28 ℃, and the podding ability decreases when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃. Continuous high temperature is easy to cause cowpea falling flowers and pods. Under some conditions, it can cover the sunshade net to cool down, or pour small water in the morning or evening to reduce the field temperature and provide a suitable temperature for the growth of cowpea.

Second, the drought and flood are uneven. In the early flowering stage, cowpea is sensitive to water, which is too large, which is easy to cause overgrowth and flower drop. There is a large water demand in the podding period, and if it is high temperature and drought at this time, it is easy to drop flowers and pods. Stagnant water in the field and excessive soil moisture are not conducive to the growth of cowpea roots and nodules, resulting in retting roots, rotting roots, yellowing leaves, falling flowers and pods. In terms of management, in case of high temperature and drought, timely watering, combined with watering and topdressing in podding period, and deep application of compound fertilizer in ditch. In case of rainstorm, dig drainage ditches in time to prevent waterlogging.

Third, the plant grows excessively. Cowpea in the early growth stage is affected by high temperature, which is easy to cause overgrowth. If not paid attention to, the plant grows rapidly, resulting in imbalance of carbon and nitrogen ratio and imbalance of nutrients, resulting in competition for nutrients between leaves and flowers, between flowers and flowers, and between pods and pods, resulting in falling flowers and pods. In terms of management, "pre-control and post-promotion", early water control and fertilizer control. In the peak podding stage, topdressing compound fertilizer with high content of phosphorus and potassium, increasing the supply of fertilizer and water, promoting growth, more flowering, more pods, in the middle and later stage, when the root system was aging, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the effect of preventing falling and increasing yield.

Fourth, diseases and insect pests. In the growth period of cowpea, although the pod rate is not high, there are more inflorescences and buds, so it is vulnerable to cowpea borer. Cowpea borer mainly harms the flowers and pods of cowpea. Once damaged, it will cause flowers and pods to fall. In addition, cowpea rust damage leaves, not timely treatment, but also easy to drop flowers and pods. In management, when aphids, cowpea borer, cotton bollworm, tobacco green insects and other pests are encountered, 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% cypermethrin 1000 times solution are selected to control pests. Cowpea rust should be sprayed 2-3 times every 7-10 days with 2000 times EC or 1500-2000 times of 10% high water dispersible granules.