How to improve the quality of grapes by summer pruning

The new shoots of grapes are exuberant in summer, and can grow 3 meters per year. The summer buds that are prone to secondary shoots are in the axils of the new shoots, and secondary shoots can occur for two, three, or even four times. Therefore, the purpose of grape summer pruning is to make rational and effective use of grape storage nutrients, increase effective leaf area, make full use of light energy, make the shelf surface ventilated and transparent, improve fruit setting rate, promote flower bud differentiation and vine ripening, and improve grape quality and yield in the coming year.

Grape summer shears

1. Erase buds and branches: wipe buds at the beginning of grape sprouting, erase accessory buds and superfluous, bad, thin main buds, reduce nutrition consumption, leave a strong tip in each bud eye before the tender shoots spread leaves, and remove the rest. Thinning shoots are carried out when the new shoots grow to about 20cm, leaving fruit branches and developing branches, thinning too dense branches and too weak branches, and retaining fruit branches, so that the new shoots do not overlap and do not cross. It is enough to keep 20 new shoots of 16MuthMel per square meter.

2. coring of fruiting branches: pick the top of grape fruiting branches a few days before flowering to make nutrients flow to inflorescence, slow down the growth of new shoots and improve the rate of fruit setting. It is suitable for most grape varieties to start from 4 days before flowering to the early flowering stage. The grape varieties with heavy fruit drop and poor fruit setting had the best heart-picking effect in the early flowering stage. The degree of coring should be based on the strength of the growth of the fruiting branch, leaving 5 leaves in the upper part of the inflorescence to make 10 leaves on each fruiting branch, and erasing the sprouting secondary shoots in the lower part of the inflorescence.

The vegetative branch usually leaves 10 murmur12 leaves after the fruit branch blossoms, while the extension vine of the main vine leaves 15 murmuri 20 leaves in the middle of August, and at the same time, all the other new shoots are coring again.

3. Secondary shoot treatment: with the growth of new shoots, summer bud secondary shoots germinate and grow rapidly, which not only consumes nutrition, but also affects ventilation and light transmission, so it should be treated in time. The methods are as follows:

The main results are as follows: (1) only one secondary shoot is left on the fruiting branch, and 4 leaves are left on the secondary shoot to pick the heart repeatedly, and the rest of the secondary shoots are erased.

(2) the accessory shoots of vegetative branches were kept 1, 2 leaves were removed repeatedly, and one accessory shoot was left 3 times, 4 leaves were removed repeatedly. Branches with too few leaves can be replenished by leaving more auxiliary leaves.

The treatment of auxiliary shoots begins when the grape fruit branches are heart-plucked, and will be carried out every 10 times every 15 days.

Grape

4. Thinning inflorescences and pinching flower tips: properly thinning too many or smaller inflorescences and removing inflorescences on preparatory branches can save nutrition and increase yield. For the grape varieties with large inflorescence and high double panicle rate, the strong fruit branches leave 2 ears, generally 1 ear, and the weak branches leave no fruit. Other grape varieties with many ears can remove the inflorescences in front of the branches. Pinching the tip of the flower is to pinch the top of the inflorescence with your finger one week before flowering to remove its full length. The reduction of the number of buds on the inflorescence can make the ear compact, the grain size neat, and reduce the fruit drop.

5. Remove tendrils and bind vines: tendrils consume nutrition, combined with summer shears. When the new tip grows to about 40 cm, it must be tied to the shelf surface. When binding the vine, the new tip should be evenly divided and not crossed. About 40% of the new tips can be tied to the shelf surface, and the rest are upright.

6. Pruning: between July and August, if the new shoots grow too long and have too many leaves, the top can be cut off about 30 centimeters to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce diseases. At the same time, the leaves damaged by diseases and insect pests should be cut off.

7. Breaking the floating root: between July and August every year, the part of the buried scion is removed, the root from the scion is cut off from the base, and the soil is cultivated again in the sun for two days. If the root is not cut off in time, the cold resistance of grafted grapes will be lost.