Empty shell affects peanut yield and quality how to prevent peanut empty shell

In recent years, the empty shell rate of peanut is high repeatedly, which affects the yield and quality of peanut. The causes and preventive measures of empty peanut shell are introduced as follows:

Peanut shell

First, the reasons for the empty shell of peanuts:

1. It has something to do with variety. Large peanut series is easy to produce empty shell, while small peanut pearl series is not easy to produce empty shell.

two。 Lack of calcitonin. Calcium deficiency can also cause peanut shells to be empty. After calcium deficiency, pods develop poorly, which affects the development of kernels and forms empty shells. The causes of calcium deficiency in peanut are as follows: (1) soil factors. The lack of organic fertilizer in soil and the neglect of the application of calcium fertilizer lead to the lack of calcium in soil. Second, the active calcium in acidic or slightly acidic soils such as latosol and yellow brown soil is low, showing calcium deficiency. (2) climatic factors. High temperature and heavy rain lead to the loss of calcium. Drought or stagnant water hinders the absorption of calcium by peanut roots. (3) excessive potassium fertilizer. Excessive application of potassium fertilizer will affect the absorption and utilization of calcium by peanut roots, resulting in calcium deficiency. (4) soil in pod layer is deficient in calcium. Peanuts like calcium, but the calcium absorption capacity of roots is limited, especially after the flowering stage, a large amount of calcium needed by peanuts depends on fruit needles and young fruits themselves to absorb calcium from the soil. Therefore, in the podding stage, even if there is no lack of calcium in the lower soil layer of the root system, but the lack of calcium or insufficient supply of calcium in the soil layer where the pod is located, it will affect the pod formation and lead to the empty shell of peanut.

3. Lack of boron. Peanut is boron deficient, which delays flowering, affects the formation of pods and kernels, and leads to peanut shell.

4. There is a shortage of phosphorus. Peanuts lack phosphorus, dark green leaves, thin stems, few root nodules, few flowers and hindered differentiation, poor pod development and easy to appear empty shell.

5. Too much nitrogen fertilizer. In order to pursue yield, blindly increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer, but do not pay attention to the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which is not conducive to peanut root nodule nitrogen fixation, resulting in overgrowth, luxuriant aboveground stems and leaves, underground nutrition deficiency, and empty shell.

II. Preventive measures

1. Re-apply organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer, comprehensive nutrition, can supplement peanut nutrition in all aspects. Generally, 3000-4000 kg of mature organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer per mu.

two。 Apply more calcium fertilizer. General mu application of 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer, but also in flowering, about 25 kg of gypsum (calcium sulfate) per mu.

3. Spray boron fertilizer. Sandy soil and soil with serious boron deficiency can apply about 1 kg of borax per mu as base fertilizer or seed fertilizer. General soil can use 0.2% Mel 0.3% borax solution to topdressing peanut roots for 2-3 times.

4. Apply potash fertilizer deeply. Potash fertilizer should be applied deeply, below the fruiting layer, preventing the fruiting layer from containing too much potassium, affecting the calcium absorption of peanuts and increasing empty fruit and rotten fruit.

5. Timely drainage and irrigation. Timely watering, to prevent drought, in case of rainy water, should be timely drainage, so as not to affect the peanut root calcium absorption, resulting in peanut shell.