Relationship between Postharvest Management and Postharvest Water and Fertilizer Management of next year's yield of Grape

First, prevent diseases and insects and protect autumn leaves. First of all, attention should be paid to minimize the damage to the leaves during grape harvest. In addition, in general, the management measures of beating old grape leaves should be used as little as possible, and the use of bacillus and sulfur pesticides should be strictly controlled in the later growth stage, so as to prevent premature aging of grape leaves and reduce photosynthetic efficiency. After fruit picking, the main diseases and insect pests, such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, floating dust, etc., spraying 3000 times aluminum ethyl phosphate or 1000 times Ruidui once every 10 days can effectively prevent downy mildew and powdery mildew.

Grape fertilization

Second, apply fertilizer reasonably and restore the tree potential. After grape harvest, it is necessary to fully apply postharvest fertilizer as soon as possible, combined with spraying 0.3% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times, which can effectively improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency, restore tree potential, and increase tree nutrition. In the case of many fruits and weak tree potential, some available nitrogen fertilizer can be applied, such as mature human manure, pig manure water, urea and so on. Base fertilizer is the most important link in vineyard fertilization. production practice shows that it is better to apply base fertilizer in autumn as early as possible. in general, mu is mixed with fully mature soil miscellaneous fertilizer, circle fertilizer and compost of 3000-5000 kg, mixed with 20 kg of calcium superphosphate, and then covered with soil and watered through water.

Third, pick the heart and wipe the tip to prevent it from growing. The excessive growth of branches and vines will consume a lot of nutrients. Measures such as coring and erasing secondary shoots should be taken to control their growth, so as to reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients, make the main vines and retained secondary shoots stout, and the buds full and full. The growth can also be suppressed by spraying 0.05% of the solution. At the same time, the branches and vines should be pruned reasonably, the sturdy branches should be kept more, the thin branches should be left less, and the dense branches, thin and weak branches, disease and insect branches should be removed as soon as possible.

Fourth, ploughing and loosening the soil and cleaning the orchard. Due to the frequent operation of picking and management, the soil is easy to be stable, so ploughing and loosening the soil should be carried out immediately after fruit picking to increase the looseness and permeability of the soil and promote the development of new roots. In addition, combined with autumn and winter pruning, the withered branches and leaves, diseases, pests and fruits in the vineyard should be completely removed and destroyed, so as to reduce the overwintering base of diseases and pests and reduce the harm of diseases and pests in the following year.

Fifth, reduce damage and prevent winter sprouts. After grape harvest in some places, a large number of secondary shoots and old leaves are cut off, which not only affects the maturity of branches in the same year, but also forces winter buds easily, seriously affecting the growth and fruit of plants in the coming year. Generally, they do not pick leaves and remove shoots less after harvest, and try to retain strong branches and leaves. At the same time, pay attention to the field work, to prevent mechanical damage to branches and leaves, to ensure that the branches and vines mature normally.