How can the use of fungicides improve the utilization rate?

How can the use of fungicides improve the utilization rate? Please introduce the methods of using fungicides to improve the utilization rate with reference to the following methods: (1) rational allocation of concentration: when using fungicides (including water agents and wettable powders) spray, you need to mix or dilute the fungicides into appropriate concentrations with water. The concentration of different fungicides has its own special requirements. When configuring the concentration, it must be operated in strict accordance with the "operating instructions", and can not be increased or reduced at will. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to cause drug damage, but if the concentration is too low, it can not achieve the effect of using drugs to control diseases. (2) mastering the times of drug use: the spraying times of fungicides are mainly determined according to the length of the residual period and meteorological conditions. It is usually sprayed every 10 to 15 days, a total of 2 spray 3 times. In case of special circumstances, if there is rain after application, it should be sprayed in time. (3) improve the quality of drug use: the spraying quality of fungicides includes quantity and quality. The number of drugs should be appropriate, excessive use of drugs on the one hand will increase the cost, on the other hand, it is also very easy to cause drug damage. If the drug is used too little, it can not achieve the purpose of drug use. Pay attention to the quality of medicine, spray requires fine fog point, spray evenly, spray all over the plant stem and leaf front and back, and strive not to leak spray. (4) strictly prevent drug damage: there are many reasons for drug damage caused by fungicides. First of all, chemicals with strong water solubility are easy to cause drug damage, and secondly, different crops have different sensitivity to drugs. For example, Bordeaux liquid generally does not cause drug damage, but crops that are sensitive to copper can also cause drug damage. Beans, potatoes and cotton are sensitive to stone-sulfur mixture, and the probability of drug damage is higher. In addition, the response to pesticides is also different in different growth and development stages of crops, and the general seedling and booting flowering stage are easy to produce drug damage. In addition, the drug damage is also related to meteorological conditions such as air temperature and sunshine, which is easy to cause crop drug damage under the conditions of high temperature and drought, strong sunshine, heavy fog, high humidity and so on. (5) choosing the right spraying Q: generally speaking, spraying fungicides too late or too early will affect the control effect. Premature spraying will not only cause waste, but also reduce the effect of prevention and control. However, if the spraying time is too late, because a large number of pathogens have invaded the host or caused harm, even if the therapeutic agent is sprayed, it will get half the result with twice the effort. Therefore, when using fungicides, the fungicides should be used in time according to the occurrence regularity and prediction of different crop diseases as well as the specific conditions of disease occurrence. Usually, the time for the use of fungicides should be controlled before the onset of the disease (protective medication) or in the early stage of the disease (prevention). (6) careful mixed use of drugs: many fungicides are alkaline pesticides, so they can not be mixed with pesticides that are easy to decompose and fail in the event of alkaline substances, such as Bordeaux solution, stone-sulfur mixture, etc. can not be mixed with 1605, dimethoate, dichlorvos and so on, otherwise it will cause "lose-lose". Some fungicides such as carbendazim and Beauveria bassiana can not be mixed with Bordeaux solution, stone sulfur mixture, topazine and other fungicides, which will also cause the loss of physiological activity and insecticidal ability of insecticidal (bacterial) microorganisms. In addition, some mixed chemical reactions and drug damage can not be "random". Of course, not all fungicides can not be mixed with other pesticides, there are a few fungicides and pesticides can also play a synergistic role. For example, dimethoate mixed with acid bactericides such as dimethoate zinc or wettable sulfur or colloidal sulfur not only does not affect the efficacy, but also improves the efficacy. (7) pay attention to avoid drug resistance: there is also a problem of resistance to crop diseases in the use of fungicides. Long-term use of a single fungicide (mainly internal inhalation fungicides) will lead to drug resistance of pathogens, even repeated use of drugs will not help, or even worse. In order to avoid disease resistance, on the basis of scientific selection of pesticides, we should do a good job in the alternating use of different types of pesticides, and it is strictly forbidden to use one pesticide alone for a long time. Click to get more fungicide use technology click to get more pesticide use technology