Rationally feeding and grouping management of dairy cows in growing period

Cow

1. Feeding methods

1. From 1 week to 1 year old: during this period, the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics of dairy cattle developed rapidly, the body grew rapidly, and the volume of digestive organs doubled. The dairy cows bred in this period should provide sufficient nutrients in feeding, which should not only be given excellent forage, hay and succulent feed, but also be properly supplemented with concentrate feed. From the age of 9 to 10 months, straw and grain bran can be mixed, and the weight accounts for about 3040% of the total coarse material.

2. 12 ~ 18 months old: the volume of digestive organs of dairy cows was larger at this stage. In order to promote the further development of digestive organs, the diet is mainly composed of roughage and succulent feed, accounting for about 75% of the diet, and the remaining 25% is mixed concentrate to supplement energy and protein.

3. 18 ~ 24 months old: this period of dairy cows is in the stage of mating and conception, and the growth and development becomes slow. At this stage, the nutritional level of growing cows should be appropriate. High nutrition can easily lead to difficulties in conception caused by overweight cows; even if conceived, it will also affect the normal growth and delivery of the fetus; too low makes the cow ovulation disorder, not easy to conceive. At this stage, cows should be fed with high-quality hay, green fodder, silage and root feed, supplemented by concentrate. To the late stage of pregnancy, appropriately increase the amount of concentrate feeding, can be fed 2-3 kg per day to ensure the normal growth and development of the fetus. In areas with grazing conditions, dairy cows should be grazed mainly, and the amount of feed should be increased or decreased according to the situation of forage grass.

II. Management measures

1. Group management: when the calf is transferred to the dairy house after 6 months of age, the male and female should be raised in groups. Cows of similar age and weight should be divided together as far as possible. It is generally divided into groups according to weaning to 12 months old, 12 ~ 18 months old and 18 ~ 24 months old, which is convenient for feeding and management.

2. Strengthen exercise: in areas without grazing conditions, tethered cows are driven in the playground for more than 2 hours a day to strengthen their physique, exercise their limbs, and promote the development of breast, cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory organs.

3. Pay attention to hygiene: for mature cows, brush them at least once or twice a day for 5 minutes each time. Pay attention to keep the environment clean during house feeding. In sunny days, cows should be exposed to sunlight to promote calcium absorption and bone growth, and long exposure to the hot sun is strictly prohibited.

4. breast massage: in order to promote the development of breast tissue of bred dairy cows, especially in the later stage of pregnancy, breast massage should be given on the basis of good full price material, and the effect is obvious. The growing cows of 6 ~ 18 months old can be massaged once a day and twice a day after 18 months of age. Massage and brushing are carried out at the same time. During each massage, wipe the cow's breasts with a hot towel and stop the massage for 1 to 2 months before delivery. But in the meantime, do not wipe the nipple, so as not to wipe off the abnormal protective material around the nipple and cause nipple cracking or pathogenic bacteria invading from the nipple hole to cause cow mastitis.