Control methods of strong Banana Fusarium Wilt with long Survival and destruction

Banana Fusarium wilt is destructive, mainly due to the infection of Fusarium oxysporum Cuba-specific type, mainly distributed in race 1 and race 4, race 1 harms pink banana and race 4 damages pink banana and banana. Pathogens can survive in the soil for several years, generally reducing production by more than 20%, serious fields, or even no harvest.

Banana Fusarium wilt

I. harmful symptoms

At the initial stage of damage, the lower leaf edge and the outer leaf sheath of the banana plant yellowed, and gradually expanded to the center, and the whole leaf quickly yellowed and withered. The petiole near the leaf sheath folded down, causing the leaves to droop; then all the leaves of the diseased banana plant turned brown and withered from bottom to top, and the base pseudostem split longitudinally, and finally the whole plant withered.

II. Pathogenic factors

Banana Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease. The primary infection sources are diseased banana seedlings and diseased soil. Factors such as high temperature and heavy rain, acidity of soil, sandy loam, low fertility, clay weight of soil, poor drainage, poor permeability of subsoil, root damage by tillage and other factors are conducive to the occurrence of diseases. The disease occurred from June to July, aggravated from August to September, and reached the peak from October to November. Banana Fusarium wilt is transmitted through long-distance transportation and transfer of banana seedlings, soil, agricultural machinery and tools, while short-distance spread is carried out by carrying water and conidia.

III. Quarantine prevention and control measures

1. Seed and seedling quarantine and management

Strict seedling management: strictly quarantine the sucking buds used in tissue culture seedling production, and put an end to the selection of banana species in the disease area and its adjacent banana area. The second-class banana seedling greenhouse should be built on high terrain and away from banana crops, cultured in soil free of banana Fusarium wilt, irrigated with pollution-free water, disinfected tools in and out of the greenhouse with formalin and carbendazim, and disinfection rooms at the entrance and exit. Non-banana seedling production personnel are strictly prohibited from entering.

Planting healthy banana seedlings: first and second grade banana seedlings should be quarantined in origin, transportation and quarantine. Banana seedlings in diseased areas (except tissue culture bottle seedlings and bag seedlings) and diseased soil should be transferred to disease-free areas, and qualified banana seedlings should be purchased.

2. Clear the diseased plant.

Dig up the diseased plants in time, dry and burn them on the spot. If possible, the diseased banana plants should be injected with glyphosate solution (high 15cm injection, 10 ml for large plants and 3 ml for small seedlings). After the plants die, the diseased plants are collected and burned or buried deeply. In sporadic diseased areas, other non-banana crops should be planted or used for other purposes; in seriously diseased areas, the soil around the diseased plants should be disinfected with lime or carbendazim and agricultural control should be carried out.

Control of banana Fusarium wilt

3. Agricultural prevention and control

It is necessary to disinfect planting holes, tools in and out of the disease area, soil and organic fertilizer with lime, carbendazim and other agents; plant disease-free propagation materials (including sucking buds and tissue culture seedlings) and more disease-resistant (tolerant) banana varieties; adopt low-pressure micro-sprinkler irrigation technology, no-tillage or low-tillage, appropriately increase the application of phosphorus, potash or organic fertilizer, and adopt flood-drought rotation, replanting other non-banana crops or for other purposes.

4. Chemical control

Carbendazim and other agents were used to disinfect the soil of the diseased banana field for 3 times to reduce the number of pathogens in the soil.