How to manage the flowering period of loquat in winter and spring

Loquat is one of the few fruits that blossom and bear fruit in winter and spring, ripening in late spring and early summer, when the most scarce fruit season, the price of loquat with large fruit and high quality has been very high. But at present, there are common phenomena in loquat production, such as small loquat, low yield and poor benefit. Loquat flowers and fruits grow and develop in winter and spring, so in order to make loquat with large size and good quality, it is necessary to strengthen the management in winter and spring according to the growth characteristics of loquat.

Loquat flower thinning and plastic surgery

First, clear the garden and prune. Before the Beginning of Winter, cut off the disease and insect branches, disorderly branches, weak branches and overlapping dense branches in the crown, remove weeds, dead branches and leaves in the garden, bury them deeply or burn them. Spray 50% carbendazim or 70% topiramine plus 1000 times dichlorvos mixture, and the trunk and side branches of loquat trees are whitened with whitening agent.

Second, re-apply pre-flowering fertilizer. There is a great demand for potash fertilizer in loquat. According to the principle of balanced fertilization, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in general orchard is 2:1:3. Loquat orchards in mountainous red loam soil should be properly increased with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. At present, it is necessary to re-apply pre-flowering fertilizer. In mid-to-late November, a trench with a length of 1 meter, a width of 0.5 meters and a depth of 0.6 meters is dug on both sides of the crown drip line. Give priority to organic fertilizer, adult trees apply 20 kilograms of dry rice straw or dry weeds, 1 kilogram of lime, 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer, 40 kilograms of mature manure and 50 kilograms of rotten manure. If conditions permit, water should be irrigated once a month twice a month in dry winter to resist drought and maintain moisture. Let fertilizer fully mature and dissolve for tree use.

Third, thinning flowers and fruits. The number of flowers needed to form loquat yield accounts for only 5% of the total number of flowers. Thinning flowers and fruits can reduce nutrient consumption, increase single fruit weight, make loquat size uniform, improve quality, and overcome years. The flowering period of loquat is long, the whole tree blossoms for more than 3 months, and the flower thinning takes place from November to February of the following year, the earlier the better. It is best to remove the flower ear prematurely when the flower ear is obvious but not blooming. It is not only easy to remove the fruiting branches, but also often promote the growth of secondary spikes; if it is too late, the nutrients will be consumed and lose the role of regulating nutrients. When the overdense and thin spikes were removed, there were only 2 trees left on a mother branch with multiple spikes, which accounted for only 2% of the total flower volume of the tree. The principle of thinning: "go late and stay early, go small and stay big, go outside and stay inside", and the top of the crown is more sparse. Under the condition that there is no disease, if we can tell whether the young fruit can be retained, the fruit should be thinned as soon as possible, and the diseased, deformed and overdense fruits should be removed as soon as possible, and 5 fruits should be left per ear. If possible, bagging can be carried out after fruit thinning is over to cultivate high-quality fruit and improve commodity performance.

Fourth, apply strong fruit fertilizer. The strong fruit fertilizer should be applied twice, and the first one should be applied before spring shoot after flower thinning in the first and middle of February, so as to promote the growth of young fruit and reduce fruit drop. The second time was applied in the rapid expansion period of young loquat fruit in the first and middle of April. Each plant can be sprayed with a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% borax, which can be sprayed with a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% borax, and can prevent fruit drop by spraying 20ml 30 kg of soil fertilizer, 40 kg of human feces and 50 kg of human feces and 50 kg of human feces and urine, and 5 kg of calcium superphosphate, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% borax on the leaf surface.

Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases of loquat are anthracnose and leaf spot. Prevention and control methods: remove diseased branches and leaves in winter, and spray water with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800ml 900 times in the early stage of branch shoot or flower heading or spray water with dimetiazem twice.