Key points of management of garnet in autumn and winter for controlling diseases and insect pests by fertilization and pruning winter irrigation

Pomegranate tree pruning in winter

First, fertilize. After fruit harvest in autumn, proper application of human feces and urine is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in pomegranate trees. Fertilization method: dig a ring fertilization ditch with 30~50cm and width of about 40cm at the outer edge of the crown, or take the pomegranate tree as the center, dig deep 30cm and wide 20cm radial fertilizer holes around the pomegranate tree at the outer edge of the pomegranate tree, dig ditches on the same day, and apply fertilizer on the same day. The amount of fertilizer application should be determined according to tree position, tree age, soil fertility and current year's yield. Foliar topdressing in autumn should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the total concentration of fertilizer solution should not exceed 0.3%. Can also be extra-root topdressing, spraying biogas liquid or rotten manure.

Second, shaping and pruning. Pomegranate tree shape is random, generally evenly equipped with 4-7 main branches, one main branch with 2-3 side branches. Young trees should be cut and released to cultivate backbone branches so that they can take shape early and bear fruit early. In the full fruiting period, the branching force is strong, it is easy to close, the prosperous trees are more sparse and less cut, and the weak trees are properly cut short to promote branching.

Third, the pomegranate garden is deeply turned over. In order to eliminate the overwintering diseases and pests in the pomegranate orchard, no matter the size of the area and the number of pomegranate trees, a thorough deep digging should be carried out before the beginning of winter. Withered branches, weeds and pruned branches, especially disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, dead buds and stiff fruits, are all removed outside the garden, and concentrated burning or composting fertilizer can reduce diseases and insect pests in the following year. After clearing the garden, it is necessary to turn over the 20cm to destroy the habitat and overwintering environment of diseases and pests, and to expose overwintering bacteria and pests in the soil to death at low temperatures.

Fourth, cultivate soil to guard against cold. Before freezing the soil after winter shearing, it is necessary to cultivate the pomegranate root neck with a thickness of about 20cm, or a semicircular mound on the north side of the root neck with high 30~50cm. It is required that the soil should be moist and loose, and the soil should be taken at a certain distance from the root to prevent the root from being hurt.

Fifth, timely winter irrigation. The suitable irrigation time of pomegranate garden in winter is when the average soil temperature of 5cm soil layer is stable at 5 ℃. At this time, even if the temperature drops below 0 ℃ at night, it can still be thawed after it is warmed up during the day. Winter irrigation is too early, high temperature and large evaporation, which is not conducive to water storage and soil moisture conservation, and reduce the cold resistance of pomegranate. If it is too late, the temperature is too low, the soil is hardened, the water cannot seep down, the stagnant water freezes, and the root system suffers frost damage. The amount of irrigation water infiltrated into the ground on the same day after irrigation, and seeped to the root distribution layer, that is, minor fruit trees 20~30cm, adult fruit trees 70~100cm, and the soil moisture was maintained at 60-80% of the maximum field capacity. After winter irrigation, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time to preserve soil moisture and prevent soil consolidation.

Sixth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

1. Prevention and control of diseases. The main diseases of pomegranate are dry rot, brown spot, hemp skin disease and so on. At the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, the stiff fruit and withered diseased branches of the tree should be cut off in time and burned centrally to reduce the source of the disease.

two。 Pest control. The main pests of pomegranate are aphids, peach borer, red spiders, heart-eating insects and so on. After fruit picking, remove the old warped skin from the tree, and plug the tree hole with 1:1 clay and 50% phoxim synthetic mud, smear the trunk cracks to reduce the base number of overwintering pests as much as possible.