Cultivation techniques of straw mushroom with high price and good benefit in winter

Volvariella volvacea likes high temperature and humidity, and is suitable for growing in a constant temperature and humidity environment. The growth temperature of volvariella volvacea is 23-25 ℃, and the humidity is 85%-95%. Therefore, the cultivation of high-temperature volvariella volvacea in winter must be carried out in a greenhouse with strong heat preservation capacity, thus increasing the cost input. However, the selling price of volvariella volvacea in winter is twice as much as that in summer, so the formula of culture material and cultivation management should be adjusted to improve the benefit. The cultivation techniques of straw mushroom in winter are as follows:

Straw mushroom

1. Select suitable culture material formula, build pile fermentation:

The forage formula with low nutrient and low yield should not be used for volvariella volvacea cultivation in winter. The formula with rich nutrition and high efficiency should be selected. Cottonseed hull 68%, rice straw 20%, urea 1%, lime 6%, calcium carbonate 3%, plant ash 2% or waste cotton 77%, rice straw 10%, wheat bran 5%, lime 8%. Using the secondary fermentation method, the cottonseed shell was exposed for 3 days for 4 days, the water content of the material was adjusted to 70% 75% with lime water, the pH value was 7% 8, the material was accumulated outside for 3 days, and then the material was moved indoors to keep room temperature 60 ℃ for 2 days or material temperature 70 ℃ for 10 hours.

two。 Management before sowing and mushroom production:

When the fermentation of the culture material is finished, the water content is 65% and the pH value is about 9. When the material temperature drops to 35 ℃, it can be sown. The strip spreading method can be used, that is, the border width 80cm is divided into 5 equal parts, each strip is wide 16cm, the middle strip is filled with fertilized soil, and the material is filled on both sides. The amount of material used is 10 kg / m2. After the material is laid, it is slightly compacted and the bacteria are scattered on the material surface. The amount of seed used is 4% of the material weight. Then spread layer culture material on the bacteria, and apply 5~6cm fertilizer soil on the outside of the two culture materials, close the mushroom shed, make the greenhouse temperature reach 3035 ℃, do not open the doors and windows within 3 days to maintain high temperature and humidity, so as to facilitate mycelium germination. After 4-5 days, when the hyphae ate 2 / 3 of the food, a small amount of water could be sprayed to promote the mycelium to eat thoroughly. After 6 days, the mycelium should be properly hydrated, ventilated, ventilated and transparent to promote the formation of fruiting body. After 8 days, the mycelium began to kink and appear mushroom buds. At this time, the material surface should be properly dried to increase mushroom formation and reduce dead mushrooms.

3. Strengthen the management of mushroom production period and harvest in time:

About 10 days after sowing, the small white spotted mushroom buds appeared densely and grew gradually, and the first tide mushroom could be collected in 13-15 days; the yield of the first tide mushroom accounted for 60% and 70% of the total output. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of temperature, humidity, gas, light and so on. When the mushroom bud is formed, strengthen the ventilation, remove the exhaust gas, adjust the room temperature, keep the room temperature 32-34 ℃, keep the humidity 85%-90%, reduce the amount of water spraying, and increase the number of water spraying. The material surface should be cleaned in time after each tide mushroom is harvested. Under the premise of keeping the temperature of the mushroom room basically stable, spray water to moisturize, adjust pH to slightly alkaline, and promote the recovery of mycelium. While replenishing water, some nutrient solutions such as 0.1% urea and 5% bran water can be added to promote the differentiation and development of fruiting bodies. After 7 days, the second tide mushroom can be harvested. If the second tide mushroom is harvested as the goal, a production cycle will take about 20 days.

Straw mushrooms grow fast and often open umbrellas overnight, so they should be harvested in time. When volvariella volvacea changed from a pagoda with a wide base and a sharp top to oval shape, the mushroom changed from hard to soft, the color changed from dark to light, the capsule was not broken, and the stalk of the cap did not protrude. One in the morning, one in the morning, one in the evening. The fresh mushrooms collected can be sold or processed by cutting off the surface soil of the mushroom feet with a knife in time.