The "five-character formula" of changing reclamation and shearing to transform low-yield walnut forest

In order to achieve high yield and high yield of low-yield walnut, it is necessary to transform the low-yield walnut forest in time. The main technical measures taken are summarized as "five-character formula":

Transform low-yield walnut forest

First, change, that is, high-end exchange.

For the young trees of low-yield walnut, the high-yield walnut varieties were grafted by multi-pronged tongue grafting. The high grafting time is the best from the peeling of the rootstock to the budding stage, and the survival rate can reach 95%.

Second, sparse, that is, manual thinning.

Before or when the walnut male flowers germinate, 80% of the male flowers are artificially removed, which can increase the yield by about 15%. The method is to use a wooden hook to pull down the branches or pick off the male flower buds from the upper tree, leaving only about 20% of the male flower buds on the top of the crown and the outer branches to meet the needs of pollination.

Third, reclamation, that is, reclamation and expansion.

In early spring or late autumn every year, reclamation and expansion are carried out around walnut trees to achieve the purpose of loosening soil, weeding, storing water and preserving fertilizer. After reclamation and expansion, the walnut was early and more fruiting, the growth of new shoots increased by 1.1 times, the defoliation period was delayed by 8 Mel 13 days, and the yield increased by 30%. Reclamation and expansion of the depth of 20-40cm, combined with the construction of anti-slope terraces, digging fish scale pits, building water storage trays and so on.

Fourth, application, that is, scientific fertilization.

Fertilization combined with reclamation and expansion, in order to facilitate transportation, mainly light farm manure. About 100 kg of farm manure is applied to each plant every year. 1 kg urea and 1.5 kg phosphate fertilizer were applied before flowering and during fruit expansion period, respectively. In addition, extra-root topdressing was carried out on walnut plants that were easy to operate. The method is as follows: 0.3% urea and 0.2% boric acid are sprayed at flowering stage, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed during fruit expansion.

Fifth, cut, that is, reasonable pruning.

The "bleeding" of walnut trees is more serious. In order to avoid the phenomenon of "bleeding", pruning is carried out every year in spring and autumn. Spring pruning is carried out from leaf expansion to young fruit expansion, and autumn pruning is carried out from walnut harvest to defoliation. The pruning of young trees in the early fruit stage is mainly to adjust the growth of backbone branches at all levels to make the crown satisfactory; pruning of big trees in full fruit stage mainly cuts off dry, overlapping, overgrown, pest and pest branches, raises the fruiting angle, improves ventilation and light transmission, and achieves the effect that the inner chamber is not empty and the periphery is not crowded.