How to prevent and cure radish root deformity?

Radish fleshy root bifurcation, bending and other malformed roots and cracking are common phenomena, which seriously affect the yield and quality of radish. There are bilateral roots on the radish root, and under normal conditions, these lateral roots will not expand. However, under special conditions, the lateral roots can be expanded, and the result of expansion is the formation of two or more decentralization. The tillage layer is too shallow, and the downward growth of fleshy roots is blocked, resulting in bending or deformity.

Radish split root

1. Soil condition: hard objects such as stones, bricks and tiles in the soil or plastic film, glass and other articles are mixed in the soil to hinder the normal elongation and expansion of straight roots. In the process of radish fleshy root elongation, when the main root encounters the substance, the elongation of the radish fleshy root will cause the lateral root to expand and form decentralization or bending. The enlargement of the main root of radish requires good soil ventilation and high oxygen content, such as excessive irrigation or high soil water content, poor ventilation and physical extrusion, which will inhibit the hypertrophy of the main root, but when the soil ventilation condition is slightly improved in the later stage, the lateral root expands and forms a "beard-like" lateral root. Soil consolidation, shallow tillage layer and heavy soil texture will also hinder the normal expansion of fleshy roots and cause rooting or bending. In general, long-shaped varieties are more likely to produce abnormal roots than short-shaped varieties.

2. Fertilization status: it is also easy to cause abnormal roots of radish when applying a large amount of organic fertilizer such as immature compost, livestock manure or too high concentration of urea, ammonium bicarbonate and other chemical fertilizers. This is because when the radish taproot tip encounters fermented compost, high concentration of livestock urine or chemical fertilizer, it often dies, breaks or hinders its growth, and cannot continue to elongate, but the lateral root expands instead, thus forming bifurcated or curved roots. In addition, in the fleshy root expansion period, the application of too much nitrogen fertilizer results in luxuriant leaves, which is not conducive to the expansion of the fleshy root, and it is easy to make the lateral root expand or the main root bend, forming bifurcated root or curved root.

3, temperature status: spring radish sowing time is generally from November to April of the second year, coinciding with winter and spring, the air temperature and ground temperature are low, especially under the tillage layer 15cm, it is difficult to raise the ground temperature artificially, in case of continuous irrigation, the soil porosity decreases, the soil layer is compact, and it is easy to form a permafrost layer, which leads to poor binding of the main root after radish belly breaking, affecting the expansion of the middle and lower fleshy roots and forming abnormal roots. Therefore, a month before sowing, buckle the greenhouse film to make the temperature, turn the plough layer deeply to extract the soil moisture, pour enough water after sowing, and cover the plastic film, which can solve the contradiction between water and temperature and ensure the normal growth of spring radish.

4. if the underground pests bite the tip of the young root of radish and inhibit the growth of taproot, the lateral root will expand, bifurcate or deform.

Improper cultivation and management will also cause abnormal radish. For example, in some radish varieties with fleshy roots, sparse planting is more prone to bifurcation and bending than close planting. In management, one side of the hypocotyls of radish seedlings is damaged and slightly curved roots are formed. Measures for prevention and control of abnormal roots: cultivated land should choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, no gravel, tiles and other hard objects, sandy loam with good drainage, deep ploughing fine rake, fine soil preparation, and removal of waste agricultural film; fertilization should be uniform, organic fertilizer should be fully mature, and chemical fertilizer should be applied appropriately; irrigation is appropriate, do not cause soil stagnant water or soil consolidation; seedling, intertillage, weeding and other operations should be careful, do not cause mechanical damage to radish seedlings. In order to control soil pests in time, soil pesticides can be applied before sowing.